Guo Pengfei, Luo Jiajun, Zhang Jie, Bonde Jens Peter, Struciński Paweł, Ohniev Viktor, Arah Onyebuchi A, Deziel Nicole C, Warren Joshua L, Toft Gunnar, Liew Zeyan
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States.
Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Apr 1;59(12):5973-5982. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c13040. Epub 2025 Mar 19.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental pollutants with documented developmental toxicity. Prior research of prenatal PFAS exposure and offspring neurodevelopment did not consider the possible influence from paternal exposure. Using the INUENDO cohort, we studied 334 father-mother-singleton triads enrolled from antenatal clinics in Greenland, Poland, and Ukraine. We measured five PFAS in parental serum samples collected around the 31 weeks of gestation. We assessed child behavioral difficulties at ages 5-9 years by the parent-rated Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire using country- and sex-specific cut-offs (≥90th percentile). We performed analyses stratified by child's sex, coadjusting for maternal or paternal PFAS and other confounders and estimating PFAS mixture effects using quantile g-computation. In male children, multiple maternal PFAS, modeled as individual chemicals or a mixture, were associated with externalizing difficulties. Maternal perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was associated with internalizing difficulties in female children. In contrast, paternal exposure to individual PFAS or PFAS mixture was not associated with behavioral difficulties in children of either sex. In summary, maternal prenatal exposure to PFAS, but not paternal PFAS, was associated with mid-childhood behavioral difficulties in a sex-specific manner. Comparing the parent-specific PFAS associations strengthened evidence against confounding shared in the family.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是广泛存在的环境污染物，已被证明具有发育毒性。先前关于产前PFAS暴露与后代神经发育的研究未考虑父亲暴露可能产生的影响。我们利用INUENDO队列研究了从格陵兰、波兰和乌克兰的产前诊所招募的334个父亲-母亲-单胎三联家庭。我们测量了妊娠31周左右采集的父母血清样本中的五种PFAS。我们通过父母评定的《长处与困难问卷》，使用国家和性别特异性临界值（≥第90百分位数）评估了5至9岁儿童的行为困难。我们按儿童性别进行分层分析，同时对母亲或父亲的PFAS及其他混杂因素进行共同调整，并使用分位数g计算法估计PFAS混合物的影响。在男性儿童中，多种母亲PFAS，以单一化学物质或混合物形式建模，与外化困难有关。母亲的全氟壬酸（PFNA）与女性儿童的内化困难有关。相比之下，父亲暴露于单一PFAS或PFAS混合物与任何性别的儿童行为困难均无关联。总之，母亲产前暴露于PFAS而非父亲暴露于PFAS，以性别特异性方式与儿童中期行为困难有关。比较父母特异性PFAS关联加强了反对家庭中共享混杂因素的证据。
