Künzer W, Niederhoff H
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1985 Mar;133(3):137-46.
Already in newborns almost all congenital and acquired disorders of hemostasis can be encountered. Especially gestational age and developmental peculiarities of hemostasis influence the incidence of the different causes for hemorrhages. Due to laboratory progress the well-known question of vitamin K deficiency and related bleeding has again become a point of interest and can be answered more clearly now than some years ago. Other significant disturbances of neonatal hemostasis are disseminated intravascular coagulation, intracranial hemorrhages, and the thrombocytopenias of the newborn. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a pathogenetically important and frequent complication of numerous diseases in term as well as particularly in preterm infants. Ultrasonography gave new information about frequency and prognosis of intracranial hemorrhages in affected newborns. Finally, qualitative and quantitative disorders of the platelets present always a true challenge for the neonatologist in terms of differential diagnosis and differential therapy.
在新生儿中几乎可以发现所有先天性和获得性止血障碍。特别是胎龄和止血的发育特点会影响不同出血原因的发生率。由于实验室技术的进步，维生素K缺乏及相关出血这一广为人知的问题再次成为关注焦点，并且现在比几年前能得到更清晰的解答。新生儿止血的其他重要紊乱情况包括弥散性血管内凝血、颅内出血以及新生儿血小板减少症。弥散性血管内凝血是足月以及特别是早产儿众多疾病中在发病机制上重要且常见的并发症。超声检查为受影响新生儿颅内出血的发生率和预后提供了新信息。最后，血小板的定性和定量紊乱在鉴别诊断和鉴别治疗方面始终是新生儿科医生面临的真正挑战。
