Hart Tricia L, Kris-Etherton Penny M, Petersen Kristina S
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
J Nutr. 2025 May;155(5):1459-1465. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.014. Epub 2025 Mar 18.
Pecan consumption consistently improves lipoproteins, but less research has investigated the effect of pecans on lipoprotein subfractions.
The aim was to investigate the effect of substitution of usual snack foods with 57 g/d of pecans on lipoprotein particle subfractions and apolipoproteins compared with continuing usual intake after 12 wk. Exploratory analyses evaluated effects on early markers of insulin resistance including the Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR), Diabetes Risk Index, and GlycA.
A 12-wk, randomized, 2-armed parallel trial in adults at risk of cardiometabolic disease was conducted. Participants were instructed to either consume 57 g/d of pecans in place of usual snacks or to continue their usual intake. Plasma samples collected at baseline and 12 wk were analyzed for lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and GlycA by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Between-group differences in the change from baseline were evaluated with linear regression.
In total, 138 participants were randomly assigned (n = 69 per group) and 130 participants (pecan group n = 62; usual diet group n = 68) completed the trial. The pecan group had a greater reduction from baseline in the concentrations of apolipoprotein B (apoB) [-4.38 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.02, -0.73], total low-density lipoprotein particles (-75.3 nmol/L; 95% CI: -144, -6.93), total triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (TRL-P) (-20.4 nmol/L; 95% CI: -33.8, -7.03), large (-1.47 nmol/L; 95% CI: -2.69, -0.26) and small (-11.3 nmol/L; 95% CI: -22.4, -0.27) TRL-P and the LP-IR (-4.42 points; 95% CI: -8.14, -0.69), and greater increases from baseline in the concentration of large high-density lipoprotein particles (0.35 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.63) compared with the usual diet group.
Incorporating 57 g/d of pecans into the diet in place of usual snacks for 12 wk improved apoB, atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions, and the LP-IR in adults at risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05071807.
食用山核桃可持续改善脂蛋白水平，但针对山核桃对脂蛋白亚组分影响的研究较少。
旨在研究用每日57克山核桃替代日常零食对脂蛋白颗粒亚组分和载脂蛋白的影响，并与12周后继续保持日常摄入量的情况进行比较。探索性分析评估了对胰岛素抵抗早期标志物的影响，包括脂蛋白胰岛素抵抗指数（LP-IR）、糖尿病风险指数和糖化白蛋白（GlycA）。
对有心血管代谢疾病风险的成年人进行了一项为期12周的随机双组平行试验。参与者被指示要么每日食用57克山核桃以替代日常零食，要么继续其日常摄入量。在基线和12周时采集的血浆样本通过质子核磁共振波谱法分析脂蛋白、载脂蛋白和GlycA。使用线性回归评估组间基线变化的差异。
总共138名参与者被随机分配（每组n = 69），130名参与者（山核桃组n = 62；常规饮食组n = 68）完成了试验。与常规饮食组相比，山核桃组载脂蛋白B（apoB）浓度从基线的降幅更大[-4.38毫克/分升；95%置信区间（CI）：-8.02，-0.73]，总低密度脂蛋白颗粒（-75.3纳摩尔/升；95% CI：-144，-6.93），总富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白颗粒（TRL-P）（-20.4纳摩尔/升；95% CI：-33.8，-7.03），大（-1.47纳摩尔/升；95% CI：-2.69，-0.26）和小（-11.3纳摩尔/升；95% CI：-22.4，-0.27）TRL-P以及LP-IR（-4.42分；95% CI：-8.14，-0.69），且大高密度脂蛋白颗粒浓度从基线的增幅更大（0.35微摩尔/升；95% CI：0.07，0.63）。
在12周内将每日57克山核桃纳入饮食以替代日常零食，可改善有心血管代谢疾病风险成年人的apoB、致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白亚组分和LP-IR。该试验已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT05071807。
