Hart Tricia L, Kris-Etherton Penny M, Petersen Kristina S
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 Apr;121(4):769-778. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.024. Epub 2025 Jan 27.
The vascular and cardiometabolic effects of pecans are relatively understudied.
The aim was to examine how substitution of usual snack foods with 57 g/d of pecans affects vascular health, risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, and diet quality, compared with continuing usual intake in individuals at risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
A 12-wk single-blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Adults with ≥1 criterion for metabolic syndrome who were free from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes were included. Participants were provided with 57 g/d of pecans and instructed to replace the snacks usually consumed with the provided pecans. The control group was instructed to continue consuming their usual diet. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD),primary outcome, along with blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), lipids/lipoproteins, and glycemic control were measured at baseline and following the intervention. Participants completed 3 24-h recalls at 3 time points (baseline, week 6, and week 12) during the study (9 recalls in total). The Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) was calculated to assess diet quality.
In total, 138 participants (mean ± SD; 46 ± 13 y, 29.8 ± 3.7 kg/m) were randomly assigned (69 per group). No between-group differences in FMD, cf-PWV, or blood pressure were observed. Compared with the usual diet group, pecan intake reduced total cholesterol (-8.1 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -14.5, -1.7), LDL cholesterol (-7.2 mg/dL; 95% CI -12.3, -2.1), non-HDL-cholesterol (-9.5 mg/dL; 95% CI -15.3, -3.7), and triglycerides concentrations (-16.4 mg/dL; 95% CI -30.0, -2.9). Weight tended to increase in the pecan group compared with the usual diet group (0.7 kg; 95% CI -0.1, 1.4). The HEI-2020 increased by 9.4 points (95% CI 5.0, 13.7) in the pecan group compared with the usual diet group.
Replacing usual snacks with 57 g/d of pecans for 12-wk improves lipids/lipoproteins and diet quality but does not affect vascular health in adults at risk of cardiometabolic disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05071807.
山核桃对血管和心脏代谢的影响相对研究较少。
旨在研究用每天57克山核桃替代日常零食，与心血管代谢疾病风险人群继续保持日常摄入量相比，对血管健康、心血管代谢疾病风险因素及饮食质量的影响。
进行了一项为期12周的单盲、平行、随机对照试验。纳入了符合≥1项代谢综合征标准、无心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的成年人。为参与者提供每天57克山核桃，并指导他们用提供的山核桃替代通常食用的零食。对照组则被指导继续食用其日常饮食。在基线和干预后测量血流介导的血管舒张（FMD）（主要结局）以及血压、颈股脉搏波速度（cf-PWV）、血脂/脂蛋白和血糖控制情况。在研究期间，参与者在3个时间点（基线、第6周和第12周）完成了3次24小时饮食回顾（共9次回顾）。计算健康饮食指数-2020（HEI-2020）以评估饮食质量。
总共138名参与者（平均±标准差；46±13岁，29.8±3.7kg/m²）被随机分配（每组69人）。未观察到FMD、cf-PWV或血压在组间存在差异。与日常饮食组相比，食用山核桃使总胆固醇降低了8.1mg/dL（95%置信区间[CI]：-14.5，-1.7），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了7.2mg/dL（95%CI -12.3，-2.1），非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了9.5mg/dL（95%CI -15.3，-3.7），甘油三酯浓度降低了16.4mg/dL（95%CI -30.0，-2.9）。与日常饮食组相比，山核桃组的体重有增加趋势（0.7kg；95%CI -0.1，1.4）。与日常饮食组相比，山核桃组的HEI-2020增加了9.4分（95%CI 5.0，13.7）。
用每天57克山核桃替代日常零食12周可改善血脂/脂蛋白和饮食质量，但对有心血管代谢疾病风险的成年人的血管健康没有影响。该试验已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT05071807。
