Hernandez-Fernandes Raquel Helena, Sordi-Carrara Bruna, Andrade-Vidigal Brenda Alice, Barbosa-Martins Arthur Luís, Jennifer-Bobbili Sireesha, Arena-Ventura Carla Aparecida
. University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Email:
. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Email:
Rev Cuid. 2022 Oct 15;13(2):e5. doi: 10.15649/cuidarte.2014. eCollection 2022 May-Aug.
People with mental illness are highly stigmatized by populations around the world and are perceived to be a burden on society. As a result of stigma, many people with mental illness are discriminated against, which leads to limited life opportunities. Given that beliefs about mental illness can vary based on culture, religion, nationality and ethnicity, it is important to understand the different types of mental illness-related stigma experienced around the world.
Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) methodology for integrative reviews was used to analyze 18 studies about lived experiences of mental illness-related stigma in South America.
Findings suggest that certain types of stigma in South America are based on gender and social norms, such as the social position of men and women in society. This leads to discrimination, isolation and violence from family, intimate partners, friends, society and health professionals. Employment is also limited for South Americans with mental illness. Other consequences, such a self-stigma, also impact the lives of people with mental illness in many South American contexts.
Family, friendship and social relationships, including health professionals, can involve processes that lead to the stigma experienced by people with mental illness.
This integrative review highlights how mental illness related-stigma impacts individuals in South America.
患有精神疾病的人在世界各地都受到高度污名化，被视为社会的负担。由于污名，许多患有精神疾病的人受到歧视，这导致生活机会有限。鉴于对精神疾病的看法可能因文化、宗教、国籍和种族而异，了解世界各地经历的不同类型的与精神疾病相关的污名很重要。
采用惠特莫尔和克纳夫（2005年）的综合评论方法，分析了18项关于南美洲与精神疾病相关污名的生活经历的研究。
研究结果表明，南美洲的某些类型的污名基于性别和社会规范，例如男性和女性在社会中的社会地位。这导致来自家庭、亲密伴侣、朋友、社会和卫生专业人员的歧视、孤立和暴力。患有精神疾病的南美洲人的就业机会也有限。其他后果，如自我污名，也在许多南美洲情况下影响着患有精神疾病的人的生活。
家庭、友谊和社会关系，包括卫生专业人员，可能涉及导致患有精神疾病的人遭受污名的过程。
这项综合评论强调了与精神疾病相关的污名如何影响南美洲的个人。
