Farouk Noura I, Sabry Shadia M, Elhosainy Asmaa M, El-Meleigy Magda A
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11754, Cairo, Egypt.
BMC Microbiol. 2025 Mar 21;25(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-03848-1.
Extremophilic fungi thrive in extreme environments, revealing life's origins and enhancing biodiversity while offering insights into evolutionary biology. This study investigates the adaptation mechanisms of haloalkaliphilic fungi Aspergillus salinarum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Penicillium camemberti, isolated from Egyptian soils, adapted to life under extreme conditions of high salt (15%) and alkaline pH (10). These properties make them interesting for fundamental research and the exploration of biotechnological potential.
These fungi exhibited increased levels of soluble proteins and lipids in cell-free extracts under stress conditions. Enzyme activities, specifically peroxidase and tyrosinase, were significantly induced, with maximum induction varying by species and incubation time. Significant amounts of organic acids, including citric, oxalic, and butyric acids, were detected in higher quantities under extreme conditions, with total organic acid content increasing by up to 2.97%. The culture filtrates demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus Subtilis (ATCC 6633); Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538); Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 90274); yeast, Candida albicans, but not against Aspergillus niger.
These findings highlight the potential industrial applications of these fungi in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals due to their biochemical responses and antimicrobial properties.
嗜极端环境真菌在极端环境中茁壮成长，揭示了生命的起源，增强了生物多样性，同时为进化生物学提供了见解。本研究调查了从埃及土壤中分离出的嗜盐嗜碱真菌盐生曲霉、球孢枝孢菌和卡门培尔青霉在高盐（15%）和碱性pH（10）的极端条件下适应生活的机制。这些特性使它们在基础研究和生物技术潜力探索方面具有吸引力。
在应激条件下，这些真菌的无细胞提取物中可溶性蛋白质和脂质水平增加。酶活性，特别是过氧化物酶和酪氨酸酶，被显著诱导，最大诱导程度因物种和孵育时间而异。在极端条件下检测到大量有机酸，包括柠檬酸、草酸和丁酸，总有机酸含量增加高达2.97%。培养滤液对各种革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌、枯草芽孢杆菌（ATCC 6633）、金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC 6538）、大肠杆菌（ATCC 8739）、铜绿假单胞菌（ATCC 90274）、酵母、白色念珠菌表现出增强的抗菌活性，但对黑曲霉无抗菌活性。
这些发现突出了这些真菌因其生化反应和抗菌特性在生物技术和制药领域的潜在工业应用。
