Zhao Wei, Ma Lina, Xue Lin, Jiang Qiufei, Feng Yuan, Wang Suwan, Tian Jinli, Tian Xiaohua, Gu Yaling, Zhang Juan
Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Workstation, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
BMC Genomics. 2025 Mar 21;26(1):278. doi: 10.1186/s12864-025-11465-5.
Although it has been demonstrated that gastrointestinal microorganisms greatly influence livestock performance, the effect of gastrointestinal microorganisms on the growth performance of crossbred cattle remains unclear. Due to their superior production characteristics, understanding the impact of gastrointestinal microorganisms on the growth performance of crossbred beef cattle is of significant importance for improving farming efficiency.
In this study, healthy Simmental with similar birth date and weight were selected as dams, Simmental (Combination I), Belgian Blue (Combination II) and Red Angus (Combination III) were used as parents for crossbreeding. The progeny of the three combination crosses were measured for growth performance under identical conditions from birth rearing to 18 months of age (n = 30). Rumen fluid and plasma were collected for macro-genomic and non-targeted metabolomic analysis (n = 8). The results showed that Combination II was superior to Combination I and Combination III in body weight (BW) and body height (BH) (P < 0.05). Mycoplasma, Succinivibrio, Anaerostipes, Methanosphaera, Aspergillus, and Acidomyces were significantly increased in the rumen of Combination II (P < 0.05), whereas differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) 9,10,13-Trihome (11), 9,12,13-Trihome and 9(10)-Epome, and 9(S)-Hpode were reduced in abundance. In addition, plasma DEM PC (14:0/P-18:1(11Z)), PC (16:0/0:0), and PC (17:0/0:0) were down-regulated in combination II. Correlation analysis revealed that Anaerostipes, Methanosphaera, and Succinivibrio were associated with PC (14:0/P-18:1(11Z)), 9(10)-Epome, 9,10,13-Trihome (11), 9(S)-Hpode, 9,10,13-Trihome, PC (17:0/0:0), and PC (16:0/0:0). Growth traits were significantly positively correlated with the three dominant genera, Anaerostipes, Methanosphaera, and Succinivibrio, while significantly negatively correlated with key rumen metabolites and plasma metabolites (P < 0.05).
Our study reveals the role of rumen microorganisms and its metabolites with host metabolism in the regulation of growth performance of crossbred cattle, which will contribute to the development of modern cattle breeding.
尽管已经证明胃肠道微生物对家畜生产性能有很大影响，但胃肠道微生物对杂交牛生长性能的影响仍不清楚。鉴于其优良的生产特性，了解胃肠道微生物对杂交肉牛生长性能的影响对于提高养殖效率具有重要意义。
在本研究中，选择出生日期和体重相近的健康西门塔尔牛作为母本，以西 门塔尔牛（组合 I）、比利时蓝牛（组合 II）和红安格斯牛（组合 III）作为父本进行杂交。在相同条件下，对三个组合杂交的后代从出生饲养到 18 月龄进行生长性能测定（n = 30）。采集瘤胃液和血浆进行宏基因组和非靶向代谢组分析（n = 8）。结果表明，组合 II 在体重（BW）和体高（BH）方面优于组合 I 和组合 III（P < 0.05）。组合 II 的瘤胃中支原体、琥珀酸弧菌、厌氧棒状菌、甲烷球形菌、曲霉和嗜酸菌显著增加（P < 0.05），而差异表达代谢物（DEMs）9,10,13-三羟基（11）、9,12,13-三羟基和 9(10)-环氧二十碳三烯酸以及 9(S)-羟基十八碳二烯酸的丰度降低。此外，组合 II 中血浆 DEM PC（14:0/P-18:1(11Z)）、PC（16:0/0:0）和 PC（17:0/0:0）下调。相关性分析表明，厌氧棒状菌、甲烷球形菌和琥珀酸弧菌与 PC（14:0/P-18:1(11Z)）、9(10)-环氧二十碳三烯酸、9,10,13-三羟基（11）、9(S)-羟基十八碳二烯酸、9,10,13-三羟基、PC（17:0/0:0）和 PC（16:0/0:0）相关。生长性状与三个优势菌属厌氧棒状菌、甲烷球形菌和琥珀酸弧菌显著正相关，而与关键瘤胃代谢物和血浆代谢物显著负相关（P < 0.05）。
我们的研究揭示了瘤胃微生物及其代谢物与宿主代谢在杂交牛生长性能调节中的作用，这将有助于现代养牛业的发展。
