Navarro Moreno Victor, Herrero Rocío, Zamora Ángel, Miragall Marta, Baños Rosa M
Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
J Clin Psychol. 2025 Jun;81(6):503-515. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23784. Epub 2025 Mar 22.
This case study aims to provide data regarding the acceptability of CLEVER, a positive body image-based intervention supported by the use of virtual reality to improve body image and other pain-related variables in people with chronic low back pain.
The intervention consists of four sessions: Psychoeducation about pain and its impact on the body, Body Awareness, Acceptance of the body with pain, and Appreciation and gratitude toward the body. A daily monitoring and an interview were conducted to assess the intervention.
John (fictitious name) is a 48-year-old man who has been suffering from low back pain for 5 years as a result of an accident at work. Before starting the intervention, the patient presented a considerable level of kinesiophobia, fear of pain, and emotional distress and he also reported body image problems due to pain. After the intervention, data showed a moderate effect on pain interference, kinesiophobia, a reduction of emotional distress and a questionable effect on pain catastrophizing and pain intensity. Regarding Positive Body Image variables, results showed a moderate improvement in Appreciation of Body Functionality and a questionable effect on Pain Acceptance and Body Awareness. The patient also showed good adherence to the treatment and good acceptability of the intervention and the virtual environments.
CLEVER-BODY is the first positive body image-based intervention using Virtual Reality that has shown improvements in variables related to pain and body image. Nonetheless, further studies will be necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in a larger sample.
本案例研究旨在提供有关“聪明（CLEVER）”干预措施可接受性的数据。“聪明”是一种基于积极身体意象的干预措施，借助虚拟现实技术来改善慢性下背痛患者的身体意象及其他与疼痛相关的变量。
该干预措施包括四个环节：关于疼痛及其对身体影响的心理教育、身体意识、接纳疼痛的身体、对身体的欣赏与感恩。通过每日监测和访谈对干预措施进行评估。
约翰（化名）是一名48岁男性，因工作事故患有下背痛5年。在开始干预之前，患者表现出相当程度的运动恐惧、疼痛恐惧和情绪困扰，并且他还报告了因疼痛导致的身体意象问题。干预后，数据显示对疼痛干扰、运动恐惧有中度影响，情绪困扰有所减轻，对疼痛灾难化和疼痛强度有可疑影响。关于积极身体意象变量，结果显示身体功能欣赏有中度改善，对疼痛接纳和身体意识有可疑影响。患者对治疗的依从性良好，对干预措施和虚拟环境的接受度也很高。
“聪明身体（CLEVER-BODY）”是首个基于积极身体意象并使用虚拟现实的干预措施，已显示出与疼痛和身体意象相关变量的改善。尽管如此，仍需要进一步研究以评估该干预措施在更大样本中的有效性。
