Jangam Tejas C, Desai Sharav A, Patel Vipul P, Pagare Nishant B, Raut Nikita D
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Kopargaon, Maharashtra, India.
Cell Biochem Biophys. 2025 Mar 24. doi: 10.1007/s12013-025-01730-5.
Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles that are essential for intercellular communication and have shown great promise in the detection and treatment of disease. They are especially useful in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological diseases because of their capacity to transport bioactive substances including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Because of their low immunogenicity, ability to traverse biological barriers, and biocompatibility, exosome-based medicines have benefits over conventional treatments. Large-scale production, standardization of separation methods, possible immunological reactions, and worries about unforeseen biological effects are some of the obstacles that still need to be overcome. Furthermore, there are major barriers to the clinical use of exosomes due to their complex cargo sorting mechanisms and heterogeneity. Future studies should concentrate on enhancing separation and purification procedures, optimizing exosome engineering techniques, and creating plans to reduce immune system modifications. This review examines the most recent developments in exosome-based diagnostics and treatments, identifies current issues, and suggests ways to improve their clinical translation in the future.
外泌体是微小的细胞外囊泡，对细胞间通讯至关重要，在疾病检测和治疗方面显示出巨大潜力。由于它们能够运输包括蛋白质、脂质和核酸在内的生物活性物质，因此在癌症、心血管疾病和神经疾病的治疗中特别有用。基于外泌体的药物因其低免疫原性、穿越生物屏障的能力和生物相容性，相对于传统治疗方法具有优势。大规模生产、分离方法的标准化、可能的免疫反应以及对不可预见生物效应的担忧等，都是仍需克服的障碍。此外，由于外泌体复杂的货物分选机制和异质性，其临床应用存在重大障碍。未来的研究应集中于改进分离和纯化程序、优化外泌体工程技术，以及制定减少免疫系统改变的方案。本综述探讨了基于外泌体的诊断和治疗的最新进展，确定了当前存在的问题，并提出了未来改善其临床转化的方法。
