界定医疗调度中心为院外心脏骤停发出警报的急救人员术语：一项关于命名的国际共识研究
Defining the terminology of first responders alerted for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by medical dispatch centres: An international consensus study on nomenclature.
作者信息
Metelmann Camilla, Metelmann Bibiana, Müller Michael P, Scquizzato Tommaso, Baldi Enrico, Barry Tomas, Böttiger Bernd W, Busch Hans-Jörg, Caputo Maria Luce, Cheskes Sheldon, Cresta Ruggero, Deakin Charles D, Degraeuwe Eva, Doshi Ankur A, Ekkel Mette M, Elschenbroich Daniel, Fredman David, Gamberini Lorenzo, Ganter Julian, Henriksen Finn L, Jagtenberg Caroline, Jonsson Martin, Khalemsky Michael, Kooy Tom A, Lott Carsten, Marks Tore, Monsieurs Koen G, Moens Esther, Ng Wei Ming, Pooth Jan-Steffen, Prasse Stefan, Salcido David D, Scapigliati Andrea, Schittko Nadja, Schnaubelt Sebastian, Scholz Sean S, Shahriari Persia, Snobelen Paul, Stieglis Remy, Strickmann Bernd, Tan Hanno L, Thies Karl C, Vercammen Steven, Wetsch Wolfgang A, Greif Robert
机构信息
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Emergency Medicine, St. Josefs Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
出版信息
Resusc Plus. 2025 Feb 20;22:100912. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100912. eCollection 2025 Mar.
AIM
Emergency medical services target to reduce time to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation by alerting additional individuals to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Multiple terms are used to describe these individuals, potentially causing confusion and hindering comparisons. This international consensus study aimed to establish standardised terminology.
METHODS
Forty-six interdisciplinary researchers from four continents participated in a symposium on "Community First Responders" with the objective of standardising relevant terminology. Initially, terms were proposed anonymously for individuals alerted during work hours and those alerted during leisure time. Each term was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Terms receiving a high level of agreement were included in the final voting process.
RESULTS
Seven terms were suggested for individuals alerted during work hours. In the first voting "first responder", "professional first responder", and "on-duty first responder" achieved high agreement. Ultimately, consensus was reached on the term "on-duty first responder".For individuals alerted during leisure time, ten terms were proposed. Among these, "first responder", "citizen first responder", "community emergency responder", "community first responder", "volunteer first responder", "volunteer responder", and "volunteer community first responder" reached high agreement. In the final vote "community first responder" was selected.The consensus group agreed that the overarching term "first responder" should be used to describe all community-based individuals, who are alerted, regardless of whether they are on duty or off duty.
CONCLUSION
This consensus study recommends using the terms "on-duty first responder" and "community first responder" to describe individuals additionally alerted by medical dispatch centres to facilitate early intervention in OHCA.
目的
紧急医疗服务旨在通过提醒更多人关注院外心脏骤停（OHCA）来缩短心肺复苏和除颤的时间。人们使用多个术语来描述这些人，这可能会造成混淆并阻碍比较。这项国际共识研究旨在建立标准化术语。
方法
来自四大洲的46名跨学科研究人员参加了关于“社区第一响应者”的研讨会，目的是规范相关术语。最初，匿名提出了用于描述工作时间被提醒的人和休闲时间被提醒的人的术语。每个术语都采用5级李克特量表进行评分。获得高度一致认可的术语被纳入最终投票程序。
结果
针对工作时间被提醒的人提出了7个术语。在第一轮投票中，“第一响应者”“专业第一响应者”和“在职第一响应者”获得了高度认可。最终，就“在职第一响应者”这一术语达成了共识。对于休闲时间被提醒的人，提出了10个术语。其中，“第一响应者”“市民第一响应者”“社区紧急响应者”“社区第一响应者”“志愿第一响应者”“志愿响应者”和“志愿社区第一响应者”获得了高度认可。在最终投票中，“社区第一响应者”被选中。共识小组一致认为，“第一响应者”这一总体术语应用于描述所有被医疗调度中心提醒的社区人员，无论他们是在职还是非在职。
结论
这项共识研究建议使用“在职第一响应者”和“社区第一响应者”这两个术语来描述由医疗调度中心额外提醒的人员，以便于对院外心脏骤停进行早期干预。
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