Amelia Vivi Leona, Wang Chia-Hui, Yulianti Nurina Jihan, Suroso Jebul, Chung Min-Huey
School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto 53182, Indonesia.
Prev Med Rep. 2025 Mar 5;52:103029. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103029. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Sleep regulation is linked to autonomic function, with sleep disruptions often indicating dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This study conducted a cluster to identify the autonomic function profiles associated with sleep quality.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, in February to April 2023, and recruited 437 individuals aged 18-26 years. Autonomic function was evaluated using heart rate variability parameters, including low-frequency, very-low-frequency, and high-frequency bands. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. A -means cluster analysis was conducted to identify patterns in ANS activity across various clusters, and the optimal number of clusters was determined using the silhouette method.
Three clusters of participants with poor sleep quality ( = 381) were identified. Cluster 1 ( = 95) exhibited normal overall activity, with low sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and high parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity; Cluster 2 ( = 81) exhibited high ANS and SNS activity and normal PNS activity; and Cluster 3 ( = 205) exhibited low PNS and ANS activity and normal PNS activity. Two clusters of participants with good sleep quality ( = 56) were identified. Cluster 1 ( = 11) exhibited high ANS and PNS activity and low SNS activity, and Cluster 2 ( = 45) exhibited low ANS and PNS activity and normal SNS activity.
Understanding autonomic function clusters is essential for developing techniques for measuring sleep quality in young adults and establishing effective health promotion programs.
睡眠调节与自主神经功能相关，睡眠中断往往表明自主神经系统（ANS）调节异常。本研究进行了聚类分析，以确定与睡眠质量相关的自主神经功能特征。
这项横断面研究于2023年2月至4月在印度尼西亚中爪哇省马格朗县进行，招募了437名年龄在18 - 26岁的个体。使用心率变异性参数评估自主神经功能，包括低频、极低频和高频波段。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评估睡眠质量。进行K均值聚类分析，以识别不同聚类中ANS活动的模式，并使用轮廓法确定最佳聚类数。
识别出三组睡眠质量差的参与者（n = 381）。第1组（n = 95）总体活动正常，交感神经系统（SNS）活动低，副交感神经系统（PNS）活动高；第2组（n = 81）ANS和SNS活动高，PNS活动正常；第3组（n = 205）PNS和ANS活动低，SNS活动正常。识别出两组睡眠质量好的参与者（n = 56）。第1组（n = 11）ANS和PNS活动高，SNS活动低，第2组（n = 45）ANS和PNS活动低，SNS活动正常。
了解自主神经功能聚类对于开发测量年轻人睡眠质量的技术和建立有效的健康促进计划至关重要。
