Metabolic and transcriptional regulation of reproductive diapause in .

Diapause enables insects to survive unfavorable conditions through metabolic and developmental adjustments. We investigated metabolic regulation during reproductive diapause in the predatory stinkbug using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Our study revealed 9,254 differentially expressed genes and 493 significantly changed metabolites across diapause stages. Key metabolic pathways including glutathione metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis, and lipid metabolism underwent substantial reorganization. The pre-diapause phase showed increased energy consumption and lipid accumulation, while the maintenance phase exhibited restructuring of amino acid and glucose metabolism. We identified stage-specific metabolic signatures and potential regulatory mechanisms, including the roles of glutathione metabolism in redox regulation and insulin signaling in diapause control. This comprehensive characterization of metabolic reprogramming during diapause provides insights for improving biocontrol agent production and storage strategies.