Maphari Pfano Witness, Nemaridili Ndifelani, Khwathisi Adivhaho, Traore Afsatou Ndama, Moyo Babra, Masenya Kedibone, Madala Ntakadzeni Edwin
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of School of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
Mycobiology. 2025 Mar 20;53(3):289-294. doi: 10.1080/12298093.2025.2477406. eCollection 2025.
Green leafy vegetables like are valuable sources of nutraceuticals worldwide. However, due to minimal human intervention, these wild-growing plants can be exposed to pollution and pathogenic microorganisms including endophytic fungi that may produce toxic secondary metabolites. Herein, metabolic profiling of methanolic extracts containing endophytic fungi isolated from was conducted using LC-q-TOF-MS and molecular networking. One of the fungi was found to produce a mycotoxin called zearalenone, which is known to be a reproductive system disruptor. The presence of zearalenone was further confirmed using an authentic standard and a series of tandem mass spectrometry approaches. ITS sequencing identified the zearalenone-producing endophytic fungus as , showing sequence similarity to various species within this genus. Findings of this study highlight the importance of exercising caution when consuming green leafy vegetables, as they may contain toxic compounds produced by endophytic fungi, despite being easily accessible and rich in valuable nutraceuticals.
像[具体蔬菜名称未给出]这样的绿叶蔬菜是全球营养保健品的重要来源。然而，由于人类干预极少，这些野生植物可能会接触到污染和致病微生物，包括可能产生有毒次生代谢物的内生真菌。在此，使用液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（LC-q-TOF-MS）和分子网络对从[具体蔬菜名称未给出]中分离出的含有内生真菌的甲醇提取物进行了代谢谱分析。发现其中一种真菌产生了一种名为玉米赤霉烯酮的霉菌毒素，已知它是一种生殖系统干扰物。使用标准品和一系列串联质谱方法进一步证实了玉米赤霉烯酮的存在。内转录间隔区（ITS）测序确定产生玉米赤霉烯酮的内生真菌为[具体真菌名称未给出]，与该属内的各种物种具有序列相似性。本研究结果强调了食用绿叶蔬菜时要谨慎的重要性，因为尽管它们易于获取且富含宝贵的营养保健品，但可能含有内生真菌产生的有毒化合物。
