Fruit Sarah E, Keirns Natalie G, Higgins Morgan E, Quirk Alexis R, Schifferer Jenna K, Romanovich Olivia R, Yakos Amy C, Osborne Karrie, Trappe Scott W, Keirns Bryant H
Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, US.
School of Nursing, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, US.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2025 Jan 1;50:1-11. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0498.
Plant-based meat alternative (PBMA) consumption has increased amid significant reformulation efforts. Although reformulated PBMAs have characteristics that could provide cardiometabolic benefits over animal proteins (e.g., higher fiber, certain phytochemicals/micronutrients), their acute health effects remain unclear. Moreover, whether baseline adiposity (i.e., normal weight or overweight/obesity) affects the response to PBMA intake is unknown. We conducted a randomized crossover study where healthy participants (N = 30) with a normal body mass index (BMI; 18.5-24.9 kg/m; = 15) or overweight/obese BMI (>25.0 kg/m; = 15) consumed two high-fat meals on separate occasions containing a reformulated PBMA (Beyond Meat Cookout Classic) or similar beef product (80% lean ground beef). Meals were matched for energy (950 kcal) and macronutrient matched (71 g fat/31-35 g carbohydrate/41-42 g protein). At each trial, an intravenous catheter was inserted and biomarkers of inflammation (i.e., interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), intestinal permeability (i.e., lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), LBP:sCD14 ratio), and metabolic factors (triglycerides, HDL-C, glucose) were measured at baseline and hourly for 4 hours post-meal. Paired tests and two-way mixed model ANOVAs were used to examine within-meal-condition changes and differences in incremental area under the curve (iAUC) across meal and BMI conditions, respectively. Regardless of protein source, high-fat meals increased IL-6, TNF-α, LBP, sCD14, LBP:sCD14, and triglycerides and decreased HDL-C ( ≤ 0.01). In BMI subgroup analyses, an interaction effect for IL-6 iAUC was observed (< 0.05), but post hoc analyses were not significant ( ≥ 0.07). Overall, inclusion of a reformulated PBMA within a high-fat meal resulted in a similar cardiometabolic response to a nearly identical meal containing animal protein (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT06445296).
在进行了大量重新配方的努力后，植物性肉类替代品（PBMA）的消费量有所增加。尽管重新配方的PBMA具有一些特性，可能比动物蛋白更有益于心脏代谢（例如，更高的纤维含量、某些植物化学物质/微量营养素），但其对健康的急性影响仍不明确。此外，基线肥胖程度（即正常体重或超重/肥胖）是否会影响对PBMA摄入量的反应尚不清楚。我们进行了一项随机交叉研究，让体重指数正常（BMI；18.5 - 24.9kg/m²；n = 15）或超重/肥胖（BMI > 25.0kg/m²；n = 15）的健康参与者（N = 30）在不同时间分别食用两顿高脂肪餐，其中一顿含有重新配方的PBMA（超越肉类经典野餐汉堡），另一顿含有类似的牛肉产品（80%瘦牛肉末）。两餐的能量（950千卡）和宏量营养素相匹配（71克脂肪/31 - 35克碳水化合物/41 - 42克蛋白质）。在每次试验中，插入一根静脉导管，并在基线以及餐后4小时每小时测量炎症生物标志物（即白细胞介素（IL）-6、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α）、肠道通透性生物标志物（即脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）、可溶性CD14（sCD14）、LBP:sCD14比值）和代谢因子（甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、葡萄糖）。使用配对t检验和双向混合模型方差分析分别检查餐内条件变化以及不同餐和BMI条件下曲线下增量面积（iAUC）的差异。无论蛋白质来源如何，高脂肪餐都会使IL-6、TNF-α、LBP、sCD14、LBP:sCD14和甘油三酯升高，使高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低（P ≤ 0.01）。在BMI亚组分析中，观察到IL-6的iAUC存在交互作用（P < 0.05），但事后分析不显著（P ≥ 0.07）。总体而言，在高脂肪餐中加入重新配方的PBMA会导致与含有动物蛋白的几乎相同的餐产生相似的心脏代谢反应（ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT06445296）。
