午后分心：一项随机交叉试验表明，高饱和脂肪膳食和内毒素血症会影响餐后注意力。
Afternoon distraction: a high-saturated-fat meal and endotoxemia impact postmeal attention in a randomized crossover trial.
机构信息
Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;111(6):1150-1158. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa085.
BACKGROUND
Saturated-fat intake and endotoxemia can impair cognition. However, their acute impact on cognitive performance is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the impact of 2 high-fat meals and endotoxemia on attention.
METHODS
In this double-blind, randomized crossover trial, 51 women (n = 32 breast cancer survivors, n = 19 noncancer controls; mean ± SD age: 53 ± 8 y) completed the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and had their blood drawn to assess endotoxemia markers LPS binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and the LBP to sCD14 ratio 1 h prior to eating either a high-saturated-fat meal or a high-oleic-sunflower-oil meal. Women again completed the CPT 5 h postmeal. At 1 to 4 wk later, women completed the same protocol but consumed the other meal.
RESULTS
In adjusted models, women had more difficulty distinguishing target stimuli from distractors after consuming the high-saturated-fat meal than they did after the oleic-sunflower-oil meal (B = 4.44, SE = 1.88, P = 0.02). Women with higher baseline LBP had less consistent response times (B = 0.002, SE = 0.0008, P = 0.04). Those with higher LBP and LBP:sCD14 were less able to sustain their attention throughout the entire CPT, as reflected by their progressively slower (B = 0.002, SE = 0.0006, P = 0.003; and B = 2.43, SE = 0.090, P = 0.008, respectively) and more erratic (B = 0.003, SE = 0.0008, P < 0.0001; and B = 3.29, SE = 1.17, P = 0.006, respectively) response times. Additionally, women with higher baseline LBP or sCD14 were less able to maintain or increase response speeds at higher interstimulus intervals (B = 0.002, SE = 0.0006, P = 0.02; and B = 0.006, SE = 0.003, P = 0.03, respectively), indicating greater difficulty adapting to changing task demands. Significant meal type by LBP and LBP:sCD14 interactions emerged (P < 0.05), such that high LBP and LBP:sCD14 erased between-meal cognitive differences, uniformly impairing performance.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that higher LBP, sCD14, and LBP:sCD14 and saturated-fat intake individually and jointly influence attention. Endotoxemia may override the relative cognitive benefit of healthier oil choices.This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04247763.
背景
饱和脂肪的摄入和内毒素血症会损害认知能力。然而，它们对认知表现的急性影响尚不清楚。
目的
本研究评估了 2 餐高脂肪饮食和内毒素血症对注意力的影响。
方法
在这项双盲、随机交叉试验中，51 名女性（n=32 名乳腺癌幸存者，n=19 名非癌症对照；平均年龄±标准差：53±8 岁）在进食高饱和脂肪餐或高油酸葵花籽油餐之前 1 小时，完成连续作业测试（CPT）并抽取血液以评估内毒素血症标志物 LPS 结合蛋白（LBP）、可溶性 CD14（sCD14）和 LBP 与 sCD14 的比值。女性在餐后 5 小时再次完成 CPT。1 至 4 周后，女性完成相同的方案，但摄入另一种餐食。
结果
在调整后的模型中，与食用油酸葵花籽油餐相比，女性在食用高饱和脂肪餐后更难以将目标刺激与干扰刺激区分开来（B=4.44，SE=1.88，P=0.02）。基线 LBP 较高的女性反应时间一致性较差（B=0.002，SE=0.0008，P=0.04）。LBP 和 LBP:sCD14 较高的女性在整个 CPT 中注意力难以持续，反映在其反应时间逐渐变慢（B=0.002，SE=0.0006，P=0.003；B=2.43，SE=0.090，P=0.008）和更不稳定（B=0.003，SE=0.0008，P<0.0001；B=3.29，SE=1.17，P=0.006）。此外，基线 LBP 或 sCD14 较高的女性在更高的刺激间间隔内难以保持或提高反应速度（B=0.002，SE=0.0006，P=0.02；B=0.006，SE=0.003，P=0.03），表明她们更难以适应不断变化的任务需求。出现了显著的膳食类型与 LBP 和 LBP:sCD14 的相互作用（P<0.05），表明高 LBP 和 LBP:sCD14 消除了膳食间的认知差异，统一损害了表现。
结论
这些结果表明，较高的 LBP、sCD14 和 LBP:sCD14 以及饱和脂肪摄入单独和共同影响注意力。内毒素血症可能会抵消更健康油类选择的相对认知益处。这项试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT04247763。
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