Arshadi-Bidgoli Mahdieh, Mortazavian Seyed Mohammad Mahdi, Kazemi Hossein, Khavali Hanieh, Ranjbar Mojtaba
Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 24;15(1):10154. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95293-3.
Developing drought-tolerant crop varieties is essential for sustainable agriculture and food security, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study introduces a newly developed cumin variety (Cuminum cyminum L.), a high-value medicinal plant, bred for enhanced resilience against drought stress. The synthetic variety was evaluated over three growing seasons under normal irrigation (field capacity) and severe drought stress (30% of field capacity) conditions. Results indicated that the synthetic variety exhibited a 71.59% higher seed yield, 46.53% greater chlorophyll a content, 24.03% more total chlorophyll, and a 52.90% increase in proline accumulation under drought stress compared to parental genotypes. Under drought stress conditions, the enzymatic activity of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase was 131.81%, 122.05%, and 264.78% higher, respectively, in the synthetic variety compared to the parental genotypes, contributing to its improved drought tolerance. Furthermore, the synthetic variety demonstrated a 95.02% increase in essential oil content and favorable shifts in essential oil composition under stress conditions. Molecular analysis using ISSR markers revealed significant genetic diversity with polymorphic percentages ranging from 66.67 to 100%. Clustering and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) confirmed clear distinctions between the synthetic variety and its parental genotypes. These findings highlight the synthetic cumin variety as a promising candidate for sustainable agriculture in water-limited regions, combining drought tolerance with superior agricultural productivity.
培育耐旱作物品种对于可持续农业和粮食安全至关重要，特别是在干旱和半干旱地区。本研究介绍了一种新培育的孜然品种（孜然芹），这是一种高价值药用植物，经培育具有更强的抗旱胁迫能力。在正常灌溉（田间持水量）和严重干旱胁迫（田间持水量的30%）条件下，对该合成品种进行了三个生长季的评估。结果表明，与亲本基因型相比，该合成品种在干旱胁迫下种子产量提高了71.59%，叶绿素a含量增加了46.53%，总叶绿素增加了24.03%，脯氨酸积累增加了52.90%。在干旱胁迫条件下，合成品种中过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的酶活性分别比亲本基因型高131.81%、122.05%和264.78%，这有助于其提高耐旱性。此外，该合成品种在胁迫条件下精油含量增加了95.02%，精油成分发生了有利变化。使用ISSR标记的分子分析显示出显著的遗传多样性，多态性百分比在66.67%至100%之间。聚类和主坐标分析（PCoA）证实了合成品种与其亲本基因型之间存在明显差异。这些发现突出了合成孜然品种作为水资源有限地区可持续农业的一个有前途的候选品种，它兼具耐旱性和优异的农业生产力。
