Tomkowiak Agnieszka, Bocianowski Jan, Kwiatek Michał, Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Street, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 28 Wojska Polskiego Street, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
Open Life Sci. 2020 Feb 28;15:1-11. doi: 10.1515/biol-2020-0001. eCollection 2020.
A number of studies have shown that the greater the genetic diversity of parental lines, the greater the heterosis effect. Genetic or phenotypic variation can be estimated by genotype testing on the basis of the observations obtained through prediction (a priori) or the observations and studies (a posteriori). The first method uses data such as the genealogy of a given subject and the information about its geographical origin. The second method is based on the phenotypic observation and studies, as well as on the molecular research. The development of molecular genetics and genotype testing methods at the DNA level has made it possible to rapidly assess the genetic variability regardless of the modifying effect of the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the degree of relatedness and the DNA polymorphism (determined using AFLP, RAPD, and SSR markers) of inbred maize lines and the effect of hybrid-form heterosis. Our analysis demonstrated that the parental components for heterosis crosses can be selected on the basis of the genetic similarity determined using the molecular SSR markers and the Jaccard, Kluczyński, Nei, and Rogers coefficients. Molecular AFLP markers proved less useful for selecting the parental components, but may be used to group lines with incomplete origin data. In the case of the RAPD markers, no clear relationship between genetic distance and the heterosis effect was found in this study.
多项研究表明，亲本系的遗传多样性越高，杂种优势效应就越大。遗传或表型变异可以通过基于预测（先验）获得的观察结果或观察与研究（后验）进行的基因型测试来估计。第一种方法使用诸如给定个体的系谱及其地理起源信息等数据。第二种方法基于表型观察与研究以及分子研究。DNA水平上分子遗传学和基因型测试方法的发展使得无论环境的修饰作用如何，都能够快速评估遗传变异性。本研究的目的是确定自交玉米系的亲缘关系程度与DNA多态性（使用AFLP、RAPD和SSR标记确定）之间的关系以及杂种形式杂种优势的效应。我们的分析表明，可以基于使用分子SSR标记以及Jaccard、Kluczyński、Nei和Rogers系数确定的遗传相似性来选择杂种优势杂交的亲本成分。分子AFLP标记在选择亲本成分方面证明用处较小，但可用于对起源数据不完整的品系进行分组。在RAPD标记的情况下，本研究未发现遗传距离与杂种优势效应之间存在明确关系。
