Lim Kuang Hock, Cheong Yoon Ling, Lim Kuang Kuay, Lim Jia Hui, Abdul Hamid Hamizatul Akmal, Riyadzi Mohd Ruhaizie, Ghazali Sumarni Mohd, Kee Chee Cheong, Kang Cheah Yong, Hui Chong Shao, Marine Ali Aman, Hashim Mohd Hazilas Mat, Lim Hui Li
Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
Tob Induc Dis. 2025 Mar 24;23. doi: 10.18332/tid/201987. eCollection 2025.
Developing effective intervention programs to lower adolescent smoking requires a thorough understanding of the sources and methods of youth tobacco product acquisition. This study aimed to identify the sources of cigarettes and related variables among adolescent smokers in Malaysian schools using the latest national data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey: Adolescents Health (NHMS: AHS) 2022.
We conducted the NHMS 2022: AHS to obtain a representative sample of school-age teenagers via a cross-sectional study design and a multi-stage sampling approach. We selected 1934 school-going adolescents aged 13-17 years who have smoked at least once in the previous 30 days from a total of 33523 respondents in the study. Data were collected from the participants using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire. The analysis involved calculating adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Furthermore, we examined potential two-way interactions between the independent variables.
The study found that 6.2% (95% CI: 5.9-6.6) of teenagers in schools are currently smoking, with a notably higher percentage of male to female current smokers (10.8% vs 1.6%). Approximately 23.1% of current smokers are frequent smokers. Almost three-quarters of current smokers obtained their cigarettes from fixed premises (38.9%), and that friends (34.9%) were the primary sources of cigarettes among adolescents. The data show that more than half (59.7%, 95% CI: 57.0-62.4) of current smokers obtained cigarettes from commercial sources.
The study found that a notably more significant proportion of adolescent smokers obtained their cigarettes from commercial vendors compared to their friends. These finding implies that increased law enforcement and health promotion programs are needed to lower the incidence of adolescent smoking in Malaysia.
制定有效的干预计划以降低青少年吸烟率，需要全面了解青少年获取烟草产品的来源和方式。本研究旨在利用2022年全国健康与发病率调查：青少年健康（NHMS：AHS）的最新全国数据，确定马来西亚学校青少年吸烟者的香烟来源及相关变量。
我们采用横断面研究设计和多阶段抽样方法进行了2022年NHMS：AHS，以获取具有代表性的学龄青少年样本。我们从该研究的33523名受访者中，挑选出1934名年龄在13 - 17岁、在过去30天内至少吸烟一次的在校青少年。使用预先验证的自填式问卷从参与者那里收集数据。分析包括计算调整后的优势比（AORs）及95%置信区间（95% CIs）。此外，我们还研究了自变量之间潜在的双向相互作用。
研究发现，学校中6.2%（95% CI：5.9 - 6.6）的青少年目前正在吸烟，目前吸烟者中男性与女性的比例明显更高（10.8%对1.6%）。约23.1%的当前吸烟者为频繁吸烟者。近四分之三的当前吸烟者从固定场所获取香烟（38.9%），朋友（34.9%）是青少年获取香烟的主要来源。数据显示，超过一半（59.7%，95% CI：57.0 - 62.4）的当前吸烟者从商业渠道获取香烟。
研究发现，与从朋友处获取香烟相比，相当大比例的青少年吸烟者是从商业摊贩处获取香烟。这些发现意味着需要加强执法和健康促进计划，以降低马来西亚青少年吸烟的发生率。
