Basavaraja T, Tripathi A, Hazra K K, Chandora Rahul, Gurumurthy S, Rana J C, Pratap A, Singh M, Kanishka R C, Dixit G P
Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India.
Crop Production Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India.
Int J Biometeorol. 2025 Jun;69(6):1367-1382. doi: 10.1007/s00484-025-02897-5. Epub 2025 Mar 25.
Common bean is traditionally cultivated in the hilly regions of India, but recent breeding efforts aim to introduce this crop into non-traditional plain areas. In this study, twenty-nine exotic common bean lines, along with three local checks, were evaluated using an augmented design in Shimla (Northern Hill Zone, NHZ) during rainy season (July-November) and in Kanpur (Northern Plain Zone, NPZ) during winter (November-March) across two consecutive years (2020-2022). The study objective was to evaluate site-specific genotypic responses to environmental factors, eco-phenological dynamics, genotype-by-environment interactions, and identify superior exotic breeding lines of common bean. Results indicated that crop yield in NPZ was 33-41% lower compared to NHZ. The vegetative and reproductive phases were extended by 7.8-8.7 days and 5.3-6.7 days, respectively, in NPZ compared to NHZ. Notably, minimum temperatures during flowering (TMIN) and the reproductive period (TMIN), along with relative humidity, showed significant positive associations with yield, highlighting the crop's sensitivity to low temperatures in NPZ. Multivariate analysis revealed that extended crop duration and lower TMIN and TMIN negatively affected yield. Linear mixed-model analysis confirmed that variation in crop-stage-specific temperatures and the lengths of vegetative and reproductive phases, driven by environmental factors, significantly influenced crop yield. The accessions EC931971, EC931452, and ARUN, which exhibited longer reproductive phases, higher seed weight, and more pods plant, were identified as high-yielding and stable lines. The study suggests that breeding for low-temperature tolerance is crucial for improving yields in NPZ, and the identified exotic lines could be valuable genetic resources for crop improvement programs.
传统上，普通菜豆在印度的丘陵地区种植，但最近的育种工作旨在将这种作物引入非传统的平原地区。在本研究中，29个外来普通菜豆品系以及3个当地对照品种，采用增广设计，于连续两年（2020 - 2022年）的雨季（7月至11月）在西姆拉（北山区，NHZ）以及冬季（11月至3月）在坎普尔（北平原区，NPZ）进行了评估。研究目的是评估特定地点的基因型对环境因素的反应、生态物候动态、基因型与环境的相互作用，并鉴定普通菜豆的优良外来育种品系。结果表明，与NHZ相比，NPZ的作物产量低33 - 41%。与NHZ相比，NPZ的营养生长阶段和生殖阶段分别延长了7.8 - 8.7天和5.3 - 6.7天。值得注意的是，开花期（TMIN）和生殖期的最低温度（TMIN）以及相对湿度与产量呈显著正相关，突出了该作物对NPZ低温的敏感性。多变量分析表明，延长的作物生育期以及较低的TMIN和TMIN对产量产生负面影响。线性混合模型分析证实，由环境因素驱动的作物特定阶段温度变化以及营养生长和生殖阶段的长度，对作物产量有显著影响。表现出较长生殖阶段、较高种子重量和更多单株豆荚数的品系EC931971、EC931452和ARUN被鉴定为高产且稳定的品系。该研究表明，培育耐低温品种对于提高NPZ的产量至关重要，所鉴定的外来品系可能是作物改良计划的宝贵遗传资源。
