Suárez Juan Carlos, Anzola José Alexander, Vanegas José Ivan, Contreras Amara Tatiana, Rao Idupulapati M
Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Colombia.
Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas CIMAZ Macagual César Augusto Estrada González, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroecosistemas y Conservación en Bosques Amazónicos-GAIA, Florencia, Colombia.
PLoS One. 2025 May 28;20(5):e0324863. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324863. eCollection 2025.
High temperature stress has a significant effect on the physiological response of the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the supply of phosphorus (P) can influence photosynthetic performance, mobilization of photoassimilates and alleviate heat stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of increasing P supply on the response of the photosynthetic apparatus of two breeding lines of common bean grown in acidic soil under high temperature stress conditions in a screenhouse. A completely randomized block design with factorial arrangement was used: i. five levels of P supply (P0, P15, P30 and P45 kg ha-1; and P supplied through organic matter [PSOM at P25]), and ii. two bean lines (BFS 10, SEF 10) with a total of ten treatments and four replications. During the study, the ambient temperature rose to 37°C and 29°C during the day and night, respectively, a high temperature stress condition that significantly affected the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of the two bean lines evaluated. Under these growing conditions, the bean lines adjusted in canopy temperature, reducing leaf temperature by 3.6 to 4.0°C compared to ambient temperature, a process performed more efficiently by SEF 10 compared to BFS 10. Increased P supply improved electron transport chain function, ATP production, PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the fraction of energy devoted to the photosynthesis process (ΦII); and reduced the amount of energy in the form of heat (ΦNPQ) as the need for heat dissipation manifested through leaf temperature difference (LTD). These adjustments to photosynthetic apparatus translated into superior agronomic performance through greater partitioning of dry matter into grain yield (GY) as revealed by partitioning indices such as pod partitioning index (PPI), pod harvest index (PHI) and harvest index (HI), and yield components including pod number per area (PNA) and seed number per area (SNA). Increased P supply increased leaf P concentration and alleviated the effects of high temperature on the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus in both common bean lines (BFS 10 and SEF 10); and accumulation of sugars in pods and seeds facilitated improved seed yield. These two bean lines can serve as parents in bean breeding programs that aim to combine low P tolerance with high temperature tolerance in acid soil regions of the tropics.
高温胁迫对菜豆作物（菜豆）的生理反应有显著影响，而磷（P）的供应会影响光合性能、光合同化物的转运并缓解热胁迫。本研究的目的是评估在温室高温胁迫条件下，增加磷供应对酸性土壤中种植的两个菜豆品系光合器官响应的影响。采用完全随机区组设计，因素安排如下：i. 五个磷供应水平（P0、P15、P30和P45 kg ha-1；以及通过有机物供应的磷[P25的PSOM]），ii. 两个菜豆品系（BFS 10、SEF 10），共十个处理，四个重复。在研究期间，白天环境温度升至37°C，夜间升至29°C，这种高温胁迫条件显著影响了所评估的两个菜豆品系光合器官的功能。在这些生长条件下，菜豆品系调节冠层温度，与环境温度相比，叶片温度降低3.6至4.0°C，与BFS 10相比，SEF 10执行该过程的效率更高。增加磷供应改善了电子传递链功能、ATP产生、PSII光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、用于光合作用过程的能量比例（ΦII）；并减少了以热形式存在的能量量（ΦNPQ），因为通过叶片温差（LTD）表现出散热需求。光合器官的这些调整转化为卓越的农艺性能，通过将更多干物质分配到籽粒产量（GY）中得以体现，如荚果分配指数（PPI）、荚果收获指数（PHI）和收获指数（HI）等分配指数以及包括单位面积荚果数（PNA）和单位面积种子数（SNA）在内的产量构成因素都表明了这一点。增加磷供应提高了叶片磷浓度，并缓解了高温对两个菜豆品系（BFS 10和SEF 10）光合器官功能的影响；荚果和种子中糖分的积累促进了种子产量的提高。这两个菜豆品系可作为菜豆育种计划的亲本，旨在热带酸性土壤地区将低磷耐受性与高温耐受性相结合。
