Hiranita Takato, Hong Weimin C, Sharma Abhisheak, Lopez Jessica P, Mesangeau Christophe, Whittaker Daniel A, Alsharif Walid, Kopajtic Theresa A, Jamalapuram Seshulatha, Avery Bonnie A, Tanda Gianluigi, McCurdy Christopher R, Katz Jonathan L
Department of Pharmacology, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States.
ACS Chem Neurosci. 2025 Apr 16;16(8):1454-1468. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00589. Epub 2025 Mar 25.
There currently are no medications proven to be effective for the treatment of stimulant-use disorder (SUD). Sigma-receptor (σR) antagonists block many effects of stimulant drugs but not the reinforcing effects assessed with self-administration in rats. However, a recent study suggests that σR antagonism combined with a dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) blockade selectively attenuates stimulant self-administration. A compound with potential for dual DAT/σR inhibition, CM699, was synthesized and had the necessary affinities of 311 and 14.1 nM at DAT and σRs, respectively. CM699 inhibited DA uptake . Antagonist effects at σRs by CM699 were confirmed with a recently reported pharmacological assay: CM699 increased, whereas the σR agonist, (+)-pentazocine, decreased σR multimers detected in nondenaturing protein gels, and CM699 blocked the effects of (+)-pentazocine. CM699 after intravenous administration (5.0 mg/kg) in rats had an elimination half-life of 4.4 h. In rats, CM699 after intraperitoneal administration blunted the stimulatory effects of cocaine on DA levels in the nucleus accumbens and insurmountably blocked cocaine self-administration, indicating efficacy as a cocaine antagonist . When given alone, CM699 was not self-administered nor had significant effects on nucleus accumbens DA, suggesting minimal, if any, abuse potential. Further, in a biochemical assay designed to probe the conformation of DAT, (+)-pentazocine potentiated cocaine-induced cysteine accessibility of DAT transmembrane domain 6a, suggesting a shift in the conformational equilibrium of DAT toward outward-facing, whereas CM699 blocked this effect. The results provide preclinical proof of concept for dual DAT/σR inhibition as a novel DAT-conformational approach for the development of medications to treat SUD.
目前尚无经证实对治疗兴奋剂使用障碍(SUD)有效的药物。西格玛受体(σR)拮抗剂可阻断兴奋剂药物的许多作用,但不能阻断用大鼠自身给药评估的强化作用。然而,最近一项研究表明,σR拮抗作用与多巴胺(DA)转运体(DAT)阻断相结合可选择性减弱兴奋剂自身给药。合成了一种具有双重DAT/σR抑制潜力的化合物CM699,其在DAT和σR上的必要亲和力分别为311和14.1 nM。CM699抑制DA摄取。通过最近报道的药理学试验证实了CM699对σR的拮抗作用:CM699增加,而σR激动剂(+)-喷他佐辛减少了在非变性蛋白质凝胶中检测到的σR多聚体,并且CM699阻断了(+)-喷他佐辛的作用。大鼠静脉注射(5.0 mg/kg)后,CM699的消除半衰期为4.4小时。在大鼠中,腹腔注射CM699可减弱可卡因对伏隔核中DA水平的刺激作用,并不可逾越地阻断可卡因自身给药,表明其作为可卡因拮抗剂的有效性。单独给药时,CM699不会被自身给药,对伏隔核DA也无显著影响,表明其滥用潜力极小(如果有的话)。此外,在一项旨在探测DAT构象的生化试验中,(+)-喷他佐辛增强了可卡因诱导的DAT跨膜结构域6a的半胱氨酸可及性,表明DAT的构象平衡向向外构象转变,而CM699阻断了这种作用。这些结果为双重DAT/σR抑制作为一种开发治疗SUD药物的新型DAT构象方法提供了临床前概念验证。