Understanding Efflux-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Botrytis cinerea for Improved Management of Fungicide Resistance.

Botrytis cinerea is a major fungal pathogen infecting over 1400 plant species. It poses a significant threat to agriculture due to multiple fungicide resistance and multidrug resistance, involves resistance to fungicides with different modes of action. Multiple fungicide resistance is mostly due to an accumulation of point mutations in target genes over time, and MDR is result from efflux (e-MDR) and metabolism (m-MDR). This review introduces the occurrence of e-MDR of B. cinerea, the key mechanisms, origins and management strategies of e-MDR in fields. New materials such as nanomaterials become a strategy to overcoming MDR via inhibition of ABC transporter. A deeper understanding of efflux-mediated MDR will provide a support for the MDR management of B. cinerea and the efficient utilization of fungicides.