Tort-Merino Adrià, Pérez-Millan Agnès, Falgàs Neus, Borrego-Écija Sergi, Esteller Diana, Bosch Bea, Castellví Magdalena, Juncà-Parella Jordi, Del Val-Guardiola Andrea, Fernández-Villullas Guadalupe, Antonell Anna, Sanchez-Saudinós María Belén, Rubio-Guerra Sara, Zhu Nuole, García-Martínez María, Pozueta Ana, Estanga Ainara, Ecay-Torres Mirian, de Luis Carolina López, Tainta Mikel, Altuna Miren, Rodríguez-Rodríguez Eloy, Sánchez-Juan Pascual, Martínez-Lage Pablo, Lleó Alberto, Fortea Juan, Illán-Gala Ignacio, Balasa Mircea, Lladó Albert, Rami Lorena, Sánchez-Valle Raquel
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Mar;21(3):e70016. doi: 10.1002/alz.70016.
We aimed to determine whether cognitively unimpaired (CU) amyloid- beta-positive (Aβ+) individuals display decreased practice effects on serial neuropsychological testing.
We included 209 CU participants from three research centers, 157 Aβ- controls and 52 Aβ+ individuals. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment at baseline and annually during a 2-year follow-up. We used linear mixed-effects models to analyze cognitive change over time between the two groups, including time from baseline, amyloid status, their interaction, age, sex, and years of education as fixed effects and the intercept and time as random effects.
The Aβ+ group showed reduced practice effects in verbal learning (β = -1.14, SE = 0.40, p = 0.0046) and memory function (β = -0.56, SE = 0.19, p = 0.0035), as well as in language tasks (β = -0.59, SE = 0.19, p = 0.0027).
Individuals with normal cognition who are in the Alzheimer's continuum show decreased practice effects over annual neuropsychological testing. Our findings could have implications for the design and interpretation of primary prevention trials.
This was a multicenter study on practice effects in asymptomatic Aβ+ individuals. We used LME models to analyze cognitive trajectories across multiple domains. Practice-effects reductions might be an indicator of subtle cognitive decline. Implications on clinical and research settings within the AD field are discussed.
我们旨在确定认知未受损（CU）的淀粉样蛋白β阳性（Aβ+）个体在系列神经心理学测试中是否表现出练习效应降低。
我们纳入了来自三个研究中心的209名CU参与者，157名Aβ-对照者和52名Aβ+个体。参与者在基线时以及在2年随访期间每年接受神经心理学评估。我们使用线性混合效应模型分析两组之间随时间的认知变化，包括从基线开始的时间、淀粉样蛋白状态、它们的相互作用、年龄、性别和受教育年限作为固定效应，以及截距和时间作为随机效应。
Aβ+组在言语学习（β = -1.14，标准误 = 0.40，p = 0.0046）、记忆功能（β = -0.56，标准误 = 0.19，p = 0.0035）以及语言任务（β = -0.59，标准误 = 0.19，p = 0.0027）方面表现出练习效应降低。
处于阿尔茨海默病连续谱中的认知正常个体在年度神经心理学测试中表现出练习效应降低。我们的发现可能对一级预防试验的设计和解释有影响。
这是一项关于无症状Aβ+个体练习效应的多中心研究。我们使用线性混合效应模型分析多个领域的认知轨迹。练习效应降低可能是细微认知衰退的一个指标。讨论了对AD领域临床和研究环境的影响。
