Li Deng, Yuan Guiyun, Sun Xueguang
Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P.R. China.
College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P.R. China.
BMC Microbiol. 2025 Mar 26;25(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-03881-0.
The co-occurrence of sporocarps has revealed many intimate associations between different ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi species. The co-occurrence of sporocarps of Suillus bovinus and Gomphidius roseus, two edible ECM fungi, is well recognized; however, the interactions between them remain largely unknown. This study investigated the relationship between these two fungi occurring in Pinus massoniana forests through phenological, microbiome, and metabolome analyses.
Gomphidius roseus sporocarps were always found alongside sporocarps of S. bovinus, but not vice versa. The ECM associated with S. bovinus sporocarps exhibited a long-distance exploration type, whereas the ECM associated with G. roseus sporocarps formed a contact exploration type. Both S. bovinus and G. roseus sporocarps and ECM contained the mycelia of both fungi. In contrast, different fungal sporocarps and ECM were dominated by distinct bacterial species. Suillus bovinus sporocarps were recorded in all ages investigated, ranging from 1 to 5 years old to over 30 years old. In contrast, G. roseus sporocarps were mainly found in forests older than 10 years. Previous studies suggested that G. roseus parasitizes S. bovinus; however, the occurrence of G. roseus sporocarps did not significantly affect S. bovinus sporocarp production or P. massoniana growth, challenging this assumption. Despite their intimate interactions, the metabolic profiles of S. bovinus sporocarps more closely resembled those of S. luteus, not G. roseus.
Overall, our analyses showed both similarities and dissimilarities in phenology, microbiome, and metabolome features between the two fungi, and the genesis of G. roseus sporocarps is highly dependent on S. bovinus. These results further indicate that while the formation of ECM between G. roseus and the host may rely on ECM formed by S. bovinus and the same host, it is not parasitic.
子实体的共生揭示了不同外生菌根（ECM）真菌物种之间的许多密切关联。两种可食用的外生菌根真菌，牛肝菌（Suillus bovinus）和红绒盖牛肝菌（Gomphidius roseus）的子实体共生现象已广为人知；然而，它们之间的相互作用在很大程度上仍不清楚。本研究通过物候学、微生物组和代谢组分析，调查了这两种真菌在马尾松林（Pinus massoniana forests）中的关系。
总是能在牛肝菌子实体旁边发现红绒盖牛肝菌子实体，但反之则不然。与牛肝菌子实体相关的外生菌根表现出远距离探索类型，而与红绒盖牛肝菌子实体相关的外生菌根形成接触探索类型。牛肝菌和红绒盖牛肝菌的子实体及外生菌根均含有两种真菌的菌丝体。相比之下，不同的真菌子实体和外生菌根由不同的细菌物种主导。在所有调查的年龄阶段，从1至5岁到30岁以上，均记录到了牛肝菌子实体。相比之下，红绒盖牛肝菌子实体主要出现在树龄超过10年的森林中。先前的研究表明红绒盖牛肝菌寄生于牛肝菌；然而，红绒盖牛肝菌子实体的出现并未显著影响牛肝菌子实体的产量或马尾松的生长，这对该假设提出了挑战。尽管它们存在密切的相互作用，但牛肝菌子实体的代谢谱与黄粘盖牛肝菌（S. luteus）的代谢谱更相似，而非红绒盖牛肝菌。
总体而言，我们的分析显示了这两种真菌在物候学、微生物组和代谢组特征上的异同，且红绒盖牛肝菌子实体的发生高度依赖于牛肝菌。这些结果进一步表明，虽然红绒盖牛肝菌与宿主之间外生菌根的形成可能依赖于牛肝菌与同一宿主形成的外生菌根，但它并非寄生关系。
