Comparative meta-analysis of prevalence and molecular features of high-priority and from the guts of food-producing and wild birds.

Birds harbour and as gut commensals but could acquire and transmit high-priority strains. Following the PRISMA guidelines, eligible studies that reported the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of and from gut samples of food-producing (FPBs) and wild birds (WBs) published from 2005-2024 were screened from major bibliographic databases. Random-effect models were used to determine the pooled prevalences (PPs) of vancomycin (VAN), ampicillin (AMP), and linezolid (LZD) resistant and from non-duplicated gut samples of FPBs and WBs. Of the 36 eligible studies, the overall PP of VAN- and VAN- were 1.8% and 0.7%, respectively. AMP- and AMP- were 1.6% and 0.6%, respectively. LZD- and LZD- were 1% and 0.8%, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed significant temporal variations in the PPs of VAN- ( < 0.05). FPBs had significantly higher PPs of VAN, AMP and LZD and than WBs ( < 0.05). Healthcare-associated -carrying lineages from WBs (ST16, ST17, ST18, and ST412) and -carrying lineages (ST32, ST59, ST330) from FPBs were identified. In FPBs, Egypt had the highest PP of VAN- (11.9%) and LZD- (2.8%). Conversely, the USA had the highest PP of VAN- in WBs (2.4%). A higher frequency of vancomycin- than linezolid-resistant strains exists, and VAN- are disproportionately distributed based on bird species, year of study, and country, indicating varied selection pressure. Significantly higher prevalence of VAN- than VAN- was found, highlighting the higher capacity of to acquire ampicillin and vancomycin resistance in birds. Vancomycin, ampicillin, and linezolid resistance in and are considered high-priority public health concerns.This is a meta-analysis of high-priority and from gut samples of birds.Food-producing birds had significantly higher frequency of priority and than wild birds.Vancomycin resistance in and exists more frequently than linezolid resistance. has a higher capacity to acquire ampicillin and vancomycin resistance than .Genetically related human-adapted vancomycin- and linezolid-resistant strains were identified in food-producing and wild birds.