Nolting Isabella Kai Lee, Morina Nexhmedin, Hoppen Thole Hilko, Tam Kim-Pong, Kip Ahlke
Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, New York, NY, USA.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2025 Dec;16(1):2476809. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2025.2476809. Epub 2025 Mar 26.
Women report higher rates of trauma-related disorders compared to men. With women being disproportionately impacted by the consequences of natural hazards, this gender disparity may increase in their aftermath. This meta-analysis aimed at quantifying gender gaps in mental disorder prevalence following natural hazards, considering both the recent and long-term aftermath of natural hazards, the developmental status of affected countries, and type of hazard. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science in February 2024. Random effects models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) based on point prevalences. OR adjusted for covariates were also descriptively reported. In total, 141 reports ( = 3,726,153 independent participants) were included. The prevalence for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression (MD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) within the first year after the hazard were 24.95%, 8.11%, and 14.24%, respectively. More than one-year post-natural hazard the prevalence for PTSD and MD were 22.89% and 13.51%, respectively. Women had significantly higher odds for PTSD (OR = 1.85) and MD (OR = 1.52) within the first year after the hazard, as well as in later assessments (OR = 1.83 for PTSD, OR = 1.41 for MD). Only four studies reported on GAD gender differences in the recent aftermath of natural hazards, resulting in a non-significant OR of 1.85. Subgroup analyses indicated no differences between developmental status of affected countries and adjusted OR showed no systematic variations upon the inclusion of covariates. Gender differences were larger in the aftermath of earthquakes. Significant gender differences for mental disorders following natural hazards exist, although these differences appear similar to other contexts. Gender-sensitive disaster response plans for mental health are essential.
与男性相比，女性报告的创伤相关疾病发生率更高。由于女性受到自然灾害后果的影响尤为严重，这种性别差异在灾害过后可能会加剧。本荟萃分析旨在量化自然灾害后精神障碍患病率的性别差距，同时考虑自然灾害的近期和长期后果、受灾国家的发展状况以及灾害类型。2024年2月在MEDLINE、PsycINFO和科学网进行了系统检索。采用随机效应模型根据时点患病率计算比值比（OR）。还对调整协变量后的OR进行了描述性报告。总共纳入了141份报告（n = 3,726,153名独立参与者）。灾害发生后第一年内创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、重度抑郁症（MD）和广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）的患病率分别为24.95%、8.11%和14.24%。自然灾害发生一年多后，PTSD和MD的患病率分别为22.89%和13.51%。在灾害发生后的第一年内以及后期评估中，女性患PTSD（OR = 1.85）和MD（OR = 1.52）的几率显著更高（PTSD的OR = 1.83，MD的OR = 1.41）。只有四项研究报告了自然灾害近期后果中GAD的性别差异，得出的非显著OR为1.85。亚组分析表明，受灾国家的发展状况之间没有差异，调整后的OR在纳入协变量后也没有显示出系统变化。地震后的性别差异更大。自然灾害后精神障碍存在显著的性别差异，尽管这些差异与其他情况相似。针对心理健康的性别敏感型灾害应对计划至关重要。
