Mrayyan Majd T
Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
J Adv Nurs. 2025 Mar 26. doi: 10.1111/jan.16923.
Toxic leadership has become prevalent in nursing; however, the literature provides limited evidence of the different outcomes of toxic leadership behaviours. This research investigated nursing leaders' toxic leadership, nurses' workplace satisfaction, job engagement, and turnover intention in Jordan and whether toxic leadership and sample characteristics predict nurses' workplace satisfaction, job engagement, and turnover intention.
To reach a more diverse and larger population of nurses, data were gathered in 2023 using an online survey and a cross-sectional research design with convenience snowball sampling of 384 nurses from different hospitals. Nurses "agreed" on the presence of nursing leaders' toxic leadership.
Nurses "agreed" on the presence of nursing leaders' toxic leadership. Similar to Sexton et al.'s (2006) scoring, it was still low (Mean = 3.08/5, Standard Error (SE) = 0.043), which applied in the same magnitude for low nurses' workplace satisfaction (Mean = 2.45/5, SE = 0.036), low nurses' job engagement (Mean = 3.57/5, SE = 0.040), and low nurses' turnover intention (Mean = 3.25/5, SE = 0.038). The highest and lowest means for the four variables. As a part of the workplace satisfaction tool, nurses were asked two open ended-questions about the best and the worst things about their jobs; they answered that nursing provides humanitarian care for patients (n = 178, 95.33%), while the worst thing was the poor work environments, especially related to salaries and workload were (n = 85, 27.25%). Perceived nursing leaders' toxic leadership only predicted perceived nurses' workplace satisfaction (t = 5.79, p = 0.001, Adjusted R = 0.066); perceived nurses' job engagement (t = 5.52, p = 0.001, Adjusted R = 0.067); and perceived nurses' turnover intention (t = 11.16, p = 0.001, Adjusted R = 0.249).
The major effect of toxic leadership of nursing leaders was on nurses' intention to leave. Given the high global nurse turnover rates, toxic leadership would result in low job satisfaction, stress and emotional exhaustion, and, in turn, decreased quality of nursing care. Therefore, it is essential to confront toxic leadership immediately. Nursing leaders' toxic leadership, nurses' workplace satisfaction, job engagement, and turnover intention were low in the current study. However, even if it has a low level, it should be diagnosed and eradicated at early stages to avoid its disastrous outcomes; toxic leadership has detrimental consequences.
Low workplace satisfaction and job engagement are dangerous; thus, they warrant immediate managerial interventions, such as establishing training programmes and using effective communication.
This study highlights the urgent need for innovative managerial interventions to overcome low workplace satisfaction and job engagement; they are alarming in such rapidly changing work environments.
Guidelines were followed using the STROBE reporting method.
None.
毒性领导在护理领域已变得普遍；然而，文献中关于毒性领导行为不同结果的证据有限。本研究调查了约旦护理领导者的毒性领导、护士的工作场所满意度、工作投入度和离职意愿，以及毒性领导和样本特征是否能预测护士的工作场所满意度、工作投入度和离职意愿。
为了涵盖更多样化且数量更多的护士群体，2023年采用在线调查和横断面研究设计，通过便利雪球抽样法从不同医院选取了384名护士收集数据。护士们“认同”存在护理领导者的毒性领导行为。
护士们“认同”存在护理领导者的毒性领导行为。与塞克斯顿等人（2006年）的评分类似，该评分仍然较低（均值 = 3.08/5，标准误（SE）= 0.043），护士的低工作场所满意度（均值 = 2.45/5，SE = 0.036）、低工作投入度（均值 = 3.57/5，SE = 0.040）和低离职意愿（均值 = 3.25/5，SE = 0.038）的情况也与之相当。这四个变量的最高值和最低值。作为工作场所满意度工具的一部分，护士们被问到两个关于其工作中最好和最差方面的开放式问题；他们回答说护理工作为患者提供人道主义关怀（n = 178，95.33%），而最差的方面是恶劣的工作环境，尤其是与薪资和工作量相关的问题（n = 85，27.25%）。感知到的护理领导者的毒性领导行为仅能预测感知到的护士工作场所满意度（t = 5.79，p = 0.001，调整后R = 0.066）；感知到的护士工作投入度（t = 5.52，p = 0.001，调整后R = 0.067）；以及感知到的护士离职意愿（t = 11.16，p = 0.001，调整后R = 0.249）。
护理领导者的毒性领导行为的主要影响在于护士的离职意愿。鉴于全球护士离职率较高，毒性领导会导致工作满意度低下、压力和情感耗竭，进而降低护理质量。因此，必须立即应对毒性领导行为。在本研究中，护理领导者的毒性领导行为、护士的工作场所满意度、工作投入度和离职意愿都较低。然而，即便程度较低，也应在早期阶段进行诊断并根除，以避免其灾难性后果；毒性领导行为具有有害影响。
低工作场所满意度和低工作投入度很危险；因此，它们需要立即进行管理干预，比如制定培训计划并采用有效的沟通方式。
本研究凸显了迫切需要创新管理干预措施来克服低工作场所满意度和低工作投入度的问题；在如此快速变化的工作环境中，这些问题令人担忧。
采用STROBE报告方法遵循相关指南。
无。
