German Natalija, Popov Anton, Ramanavicius Arunas, Ramanaviciene Almira
Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Biosensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 19;15(3):196. doi: 10.3390/bios15030196.
Diabetes mellitus is a pathological condition that requires continuous measurement of glucose concentration in human blood. In this study, two enzymatic mediator-free glucose biosensors based on premodified graphite rod (GR) electrodes were developed and compared. GR electrode modified with electrochemically synthesized dendritic gold nanostructures (DGNS), a cystamine (Cys) self-assembled monolayer (SAM), and glucose oxidase (GOx) (GR/DGNS/Cys/GOx) and GR electrode modified with DGNS, Cys SAM, enzymatically obtained polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites with embedded 6 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and GOx (GR/DGNS/Cys/PANI-AuNPs-GOx/GOx) were investigated electrochemically. Biosensors based on GR/DGNS/Cys/GOx and GR/DGNS/Cys/PANI-AuNPs-GOx/GOx electrodes were characterized by a linear range (LR) of up to 1.0 mM of glucose, storage stability of over 71 days, sensitivity of 93.7 and 72.0 μA/(mM cm), limit of detection (LOD) of 0.027 and 0.034 mM, reproducibility of 13.6 and 9.03%, and repeatability of 8.96 and 8.01%, respectively. The GR/DGNS/Cys/PANI-AuNPs-GOx/GOx electrode was proposed as more favorable for glucose concentration determination in serum due to its better stability and resistance to interfering electrochemically active species. The technological solutions presented in this paper are expected to enable the development of innovative mediator-free enzymatic glucose biosensors, offering advantages for clinical assays, particularly for controlling blood glucose concentration in individuals with diabetes.
糖尿病是一种需要持续测量人体血液中葡萄糖浓度的病理状态。在本研究中，开发并比较了两种基于预修饰石墨棒（GR）电极的无酶介体葡萄糖生物传感器。对用化学合成的树枝状金纳米结构（DGNS）、胱胺（Cys）自组装单分子层（SAM）和葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）修饰的GR电极（GR/DGNS/Cys/GOx）以及用DGNS、Cys SAM、嵌入6nm金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的酶促合成聚苯胺（PANI）纳米复合材料和GOx修饰的GR电极（GR/DGNS/Cys/PANI-AuNPs-GOx/GOx）进行了电化学研究。基于GR/DGNS/Cys/GOx和GR/DGNS/Cys/PANI-AuNPs-GOx/GOx电极的生物传感器的线性范围（LR）高达1.0 mM葡萄糖，储存稳定性超过71天，灵敏度分别为93.7和72.0 μA/（mM cm），检测限（LOD）分别为0.027和0.034 mM，重现性分别为13.6和9.03%，重复性分别为8.96和8.01%。由于其更好的稳定性和对电化学活性干扰物质的抗性，GR/DGNS/Cys/PANI-AuNPs-GOx/GOx电极被认为更有利于血清中葡萄糖浓度的测定。本文提出的技术方案有望推动创新型无酶介体葡萄糖生物传感器的开发，为临床检测带来优势，特别是对于糖尿病患者的血糖浓度控制。
