Ávila Vázquez Verónica, Aguilera Flores Miguel Mauricio, Veyna Robles Agali Naivy, Solís Lerma Lilia Elizabeth, Sánchez Mata Omar, Durón Torres Sergio Miguel
Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202 Cerro del Gato Ejido La Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico.
Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Carr. Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km. 6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico.
Toxics. 2025 Mar 6;13(3):188. doi: 10.3390/toxics13030188.
This study analyzed the lead concentrations in fruit grown near tailings dams of a mine in Zacatecas (Mexico) using electrochemical techniques. A 3 × 4 factorial design, with three levels of apple tree distance (low, medium, and high) and four levels of apple tree part (stem, leaf, pulp, and peel), was performed to predict the pathway for contamination (foliar or radicular). Samples of each apple tree part, soil, and irrigation water were collected. The lead concentrations were determined by anodic stripping voltammetry. The results showed lead concentrations of 172 ppm and 0.012 ppm for the soil and irrigation water, which were discarded as sources of contamination since they were below the allowable limits by the Mexican standards (400 ppm and 2 ppm, respectively). However, lead concentrations in the stem and leaf ranged from 6.6 ppm to 30.7 ppm, and pulp and peel exceeded 300 times the allowable limit by the (0.1 ppm). The apple tree part was a significant factor in the experimental design. Hence, it was predicted that the pathway for contamination is by foliar absorption. The fruit is highly contaminated by its proximity to the mine. Therefore, mitigation actions must be performed to avoid health risks for the consumers of this fruit.
本研究采用电化学技术分析了墨西哥萨卡特卡斯州一座矿山尾矿库附近种植的水果中的铅浓度。进行了一个3×4析因设计，其中苹果树距离有三个水平（低、中、高），苹果树部位有四个水平（茎、叶、果肉和果皮），以预测污染途径（叶面或根部）。采集了每个苹果树部位、土壤和灌溉水的样本。通过阳极溶出伏安法测定铅浓度。结果显示，土壤和灌溉水中的铅浓度分别为172 ppm和0.012 ppm，由于低于墨西哥标准的允许限值（分别为400 ppm和2 ppm），因此被排除为污染源。然而，茎和叶中的铅浓度在6.6 ppm至30.7 ppm之间，果肉和果皮中的铅浓度超过了允许限值（0.1 ppm）的300倍。苹果树部位是实验设计中的一个重要因素。因此，预计污染途径是通过叶面吸收。由于靠近矿山，这种水果受到高度污染。因此，必须采取缓解措施以避免该水果消费者面临健康风险。
