Stanbekova Gulshan E, Nadirova Leila T, Kryldakov Ruslan V, Iskakov Bulat K, Zhigailov Andrey V
M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov Str., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan.
Biology Faculty, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Pathogens. 2025 Mar 3;14(3):243. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14030243.
Viroids represent obligate plant pathogens composed exclusively of non-protein coding small single-stranded RNAs that cause high economic losses worldwide. A field survey was carried out to assess the incidence of the peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) in southeastern Kazakhstan, the region of the country where fruit trees are mainly grown. Of 246 stone fruit trees, 20 (8.13%) were infected with the PLMVd. The incidence of the PLMVd in the peach (19.23%; 15/78) was significantly higher than that in the apricot (6.76%; 5/74; = 0.0234). Eight of the detected viroids were cloned and used for full-genome sequencing. The nucleotide sequence similarity of the selected isolates found in Kazakhstan was 83.9-100%. A phylogenetic analysis indicated three clusters for the Kazakhstani isolates of the PLMVd. Three groups of Kazakhstani viroids differed in their predicted secondary structure. During the survey, the PLMVd was detected and genetically characterized for the first time in Kazakhstan. The obtained results indicate the need to develop state control measures for the PLMVd, including regular monitoring surveys. We identified several SNPs of the PLMVd that had not been previously described. The results may be useful in optimizing diagnostic approaches for detecting stone fruit viroids and preventing their spread through propagation material.
类病毒是专由非蛋白质编码的小单链RNA组成的专性植物病原体，在全球范围内造成巨大经济损失。在哈萨克斯坦东南部开展了一项实地调查，以评估该国主要种植果树地区的桃潜隐花叶类病毒（PLMVd）的发生率。在246株核果类果树中，有20株（8.13%）感染了PLMVd。PLMVd在桃中的发生率（19.23%；15/78）显著高于杏（6.76%；5/74；P = 0.0234）。对检测到的8种类病毒进行了克隆并用于全基因组测序。在哈萨克斯坦发现的所选分离株的核苷酸序列相似性为83.9 - 100%。系统发育分析表明，哈萨克斯坦的PLMVd分离株有三个聚类。哈萨克斯坦的三类类病毒在其预测的二级结构上有所不同。在此次调查中，首次在哈萨克斯坦检测到PLMVd并对其进行了基因特征分析。所得结果表明需要制定针对PLMVd的国家控制措施，包括定期监测调查。我们鉴定出了几个此前未描述过的PLMVd单核苷酸多态性。这些结果可能有助于优化检测核果类病毒的诊断方法，并防止其通过繁殖材料传播。
