Singh Mohini, Tiwari Prashant Kumar, Kashyap Vivek, Kumar Sanjay
Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida UP-201310, India.
Division of Cancer Immunology and Microbiology, Medicine and Oncology Integrated Service Unit, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
Proteomes. 2025 Mar 4;13(1):12. doi: 10.3390/proteomes13010012.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles secreted by cells, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Proteomic analyses of EVs, particularly in relation to cancer, reveal specific biomarkers crucial for diagnosis and therapy. However, isolation techniques such as ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, and ultrafiltration face challenges regarding purity, contamination, and yield. Contamination from other proteins complicates downstream processing, leading to difficulties in identifying biomarkers and interpreting results. Future research will focus on refining EV characterization for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, improving proteomics tools for greater accuracy, and exploring the use of EVs in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. In this review, we provide a bird's eye view of various challenges, starting with EV isolation methods, yield, purity, and limitations in the proteome analysis of EVs for identifying protein targets.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞分泌的脂质结合囊泡，包括外泌体、微囊泡和凋亡小体。对EVs进行蛋白质组学分析，尤其是与癌症相关的分析，可揭示对诊断和治疗至关重要的特定生物标志物。然而，诸如超速离心、尺寸排阻色谱和超滤等分离技术在纯度、污染和产量方面面临挑战。来自其他蛋白质的污染使下游处理变得复杂，导致难以识别生物标志物和解释结果。未来的研究将集中于完善用于诊断和治疗应用的EVs表征，改进蛋白质组学工具以提高准确性，并探索EVs在药物递送和再生医学中的应用。在本综述中，我们从EVs分离方法、产量、纯度以及在识别蛋白质靶标的EVs蛋白质组分析中的局限性等方面，对各种挑战进行了概述。
