Suryawan I Gde Rurus, Ardiana Meity, Putra Tony Santoso, Puspitasari A'rofah Nurlina, Adi Priangga, Widiarti Wynne, Saputra Pandit Bagus Tri
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Egypt Heart J. 2025 Mar 26;77(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s43044-025-00626-2.
Smoking, including conventional and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Indonesia, with 69.1 million smokers, experiences a high burden of smoking-related diseases. This study aims to evaluate the impact of conventional and e-cigarette exposure on atherosclerosis in Rattus norvegicus (Wistar rats).
Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: control, conventional cigarette exposure, and e-cigarette exposure. Both smoking groups received equivalent nicotine doses for 30 min daily, five days a week, for 12 weeks. Aortic and iliac artery intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured, and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were analyzed using ELISA. Histopathological changes were also examined.
Cigarette exposure significantly increased IMT in the aorta (control: 67.22 ± 3.07 µm; conventional: 100.89 ± 25.60 µm; e-cigarette: 83.75 ± 7.45 µm; p < 0.05) and iliac arteries (control: 68.50 ± 5.6 µm; conventional: 90.49 ± 25.02 µm; e-cigarette: 90.68 ± 12.26 µm; p = 0.031). MCP-1 levels were significantly elevated in the conventional group (205.77 ± 22.18 pg/mL; p = 0.003), while TNF-α levels increased in both groups but without statistical significance. Histopathology revealed fatty streaks and elastic fiber disruption in both exposure groups, with no significant differences observed (p > 0.05).
Both conventional and e-cigarettes promote atherosclerosis, as evidenced by increased arterial thickness and inflammatory markers. The cardiovascular risks associated with e-cigarettes are comparable to those of conventional cigarettes, highlighting the need for stricter regulation and public awareness.
吸烟，包括传统香烟和电子烟，是心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的主要促成因素。印度尼西亚有6910万吸烟者，面临着与吸烟相关疾病的沉重负担。本研究旨在评估传统香烟和电子烟暴露对褐家鼠（Wistar大鼠）动脉粥样硬化的影响。
将21只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为三组：对照组、传统香烟暴露组和电子烟暴露组。两个吸烟组每周五天，每天接受等量尼古丁剂量，持续30分钟，共12周。测量主动脉和髂动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT），并使用酶联免疫吸附测定法分析血浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）的水平。还检查了组织病理学变化。
香烟暴露显著增加了主动脉（对照组：67.22±3.07μm；传统香烟组：100.89±25.60μm；电子烟组：83.75±7.45μm；p<0.05）和髂动脉（对照组：68.50±5.6μm；传统香烟组：90.49±25.02μm；电子烟组：90.68±12.26μm；p=0.031）的IMT。传统香烟组的MCP-1水平显著升高（205.77±22.18pg/mL；p=0.003），而两组的TNF-α水平均升高，但无统计学意义。组织病理学显示两个暴露组均有脂肪条纹和弹性纤维破坏，未观察到显著差异（p>0.05）。
传统香烟和电子烟均可促进动脉粥样硬化，动脉厚度增加和炎症标志物升高证明了这一点。与电子烟相关的心血管风险与传统香烟相当，这突出表明需要更严格的监管和公众意识。
