Kangarlou Marzieh Belji, Saleh Elaheh, Dehdashti Alireza
Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sience, Semnan, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 26;15(1):10440. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93706-x.
This 15-year prospective cohort study aimed to examine the impact of occupational exposure to noise and respirable flour dust on the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among 379 flour mill workers in Iran. The cohort was divided into an exposed group (n = 232), comprising workers with chronic exposure to noise and dust, and a non-exposed group (n = 147), including administrative and supervisory staff with minimal exposure. Annual measurements of noise and dust followed NIOSH guidelines, and cumulative exposures were calculated over time. MetS and its components were assessed based on ATP III criteria using clinical and biochemical markers such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol, and blood pressure. The results revealed that prolonged exposure to flour dust was associated with borderline increases in the risk of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, while noise exposure did not show significant associations with MetS or its components. Significant risk factors for MetS components included body mass index (BMI), age, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Age was a strong predictor of hyperglycemia (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.14, p = 0.007), and baseline TG levels were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia (HR = 1.003, 95% CI:1.001-1.004, p = 0.001). Stratified analyses highlighted increased risks of MetS components among workers with extended working hours and rotational shifts. These findings emphasize the need for workplace interventions to reduce cumulative exposure risks. Future research should investigate potential mechanisms and synergistic effects of multiple occupational hazards.
这项为期15年的前瞻性队列研究旨在探讨职业性接触噪音和可吸入面粉粉尘对伊朗379名面粉厂工人代谢综合征（MetS）及其组分发病率的影响。该队列分为暴露组（n = 232），包括长期接触噪音和粉尘的工人，以及非暴露组（n = 147），包括接触最少的行政和管理人员。噪音和粉尘的年度测量遵循美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）的指南，并随时间计算累积暴露量。根据ATP III标准，使用空腹血糖（FBS）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血压等临床和生化指标评估MetS及其组分。结果显示，长期接触面粉粉尘与高血压和高甘油三酯血症风险的临界增加有关，而噪音暴露与MetS及其组分未显示出显著关联。MetS组分的显著风险因素包括体重指数（BMI）、年龄和2型糖尿病（T2DM）。年龄是高血糖的有力预测因素（HR = 1.08，95% CI：1.02 - 1.14，p = 0.007），基线TG水平与高甘油三酯血症显著相关（HR = 1.003，95% CI：1.001 - 1.004，p = 0.001）。分层分析突出了工作时间延长和轮班工人中MetS组分风险增加的情况。这些发现强调了采取工作场所干预措施以降低累积暴露风险的必要性。未来的研究应调查多种职业危害的潜在机制和协同效应。
