Keba Martin, Bachmann Maie, Lass Jaanus, Rätsep Tõnu
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia.
Department of Neurosurgery, North Estonia Medical Centre, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia.
J Clin Med. 2025 Mar 18;14(6):2073. doi: 10.3390/jcm14062073.
Wearable sensors are mainly used in Parkinson's disease (PD) to assess motor symptoms and to aid clinicians in patient management. Inertial measurement units that simultaneously register accelerometric and gyroscope signals have been one of the most studied and practicable methods. The heterogeneity of described methods and clinical settings studied can discourage wearable device use and highlight the need for standardization. This study compares previously proposed accelerometry and gyroscope signal features for tremor assessment measured at the wrist. : An inertial measurement unit registered accelerometry and gyroscope signals at the wrist from 18 PD patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Measurements were made in DBS on and off states. Signal features for both accelerometry and gyroscope were calculated-mean linear acceleration, mean angular velocity, root mean square, maximal amplitude and power of the 3-7 Hz frequency band. The outcome features were log-transformed and correlated to the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) item 3.17 using linear regression. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were calculated for the signal features. : A total of 108 tremor episodes were investigated. All signal features exhibited a strong correlation with the MDS-UPDRS tremor amplitude scale. Tremor ratings showed a stronger correlation with accelerometry (r = 0.964-0.970) than with gyroscope-derived features (r = 0.942-0.956). The best-performing feature was the mean linear acceleration (r = 0.970, R = 0.940), which also showed high reliability (ICC = 0.921). : Different accelerometry and gyroscope signal features are viable in characterizing rest tremor at the wrist. Simpler accelerometry signal features can be preferred in conducting the MDS-UPDRS item 3.17 examination in PD patients with DBS using a wrist-worn inertial measurement unit. Future research to expand the validity and usefulness of wearable technologies in PD is warranted.
可穿戴传感器主要用于帕金森病（PD），以评估运动症状并协助临床医生进行患者管理。同时记录加速度计和陀螺仪信号的惯性测量单元一直是研究最多且最实用的方法之一。所描述方法和研究的临床环境的异质性可能会阻碍可穿戴设备的使用，并凸显标准化的必要性。本研究比较了先前提出的用于评估手腕震颤的加速度计和陀螺仪信号特征。：一个惯性测量单元记录了18名接受深部脑刺激（DBS）治疗的PD患者手腕处的加速度计和陀螺仪信号。在DBS开启和关闭状态下进行测量。计算了加速度计和陀螺仪的信号特征——平均线性加速度、平均角速度、均方根、最大振幅以及3 - 7Hz频段的功率。对结果特征进行对数变换，并使用线性回归将其与运动障碍协会统一帕金森病评定量表（MDS - UPDRS）第3.17项相关联。计算信号特征的组内相关系数（ICC）值。：共研究了108次震颤发作。所有信号特征均与MDS - UPDRS震颤幅度量表呈现出强相关性。震颤评分与加速度计（r = 0.964 - 0.970）的相关性比与陀螺仪衍生特征（r = 0.942 - 0.956）更强。表现最佳的特征是平均线性加速度（r = 0.970，R = 0.940），其也显示出高可靠性（ICC = 0.921）。：不同的加速度计和陀螺仪信号特征在表征手腕静息震颤方面是可行的。在使用手腕佩戴的惯性测量单元对接受DBS治疗的PD患者进行MDS - UPDRS第3.17项检查时，更简单的加速度计信号特征可能更受青睐。有必要开展未来研究以扩大可穿戴技术在PD中的有效性和实用性。
