Ahuja Manik, Ghimire Achala, Dahal Kajol, Adebayo-Abikoye Esther, Mamudu Hadii, Patel Jeetendra, Dooley McKenzie, Sathiyaseelan Thiveya, Arize Chukwubuikem James, Cimilluca Johanna, Keaton Nathaniel, Tinman Jennifer S, Williams Rhonda, Hasan Sana, Fernandopulle Praveen
College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks). 2025 Mar 25;9:24705470251324781. doi: 10.1177/24705470251324781. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and depression are growing global health concerns as heart attack and stroke solely account for around 85% of total CVD deaths and 280 million ie, while 3.4% of the world's population have depression. A bi-directional relationship exists between depression and heart disease: about one-fourth of heart disease patients experience depression, and those with depression have a higher risk of developing heart disease compared to the general population. This study aims to examine the association between depression and heart attack as a dependent variable, focusing on demographic and behavioral correlates of individuals in Tennessee.
We performed a cross-sectional analysis using the 2022 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for Tennessee (N = 5266). Our analytical approaches involved descriptive and multivariate analysis (logistic regression analysis) to assess the association between depression and heart attack in Tennessee. The primary dependent variable of interest was a self-reported lifetime heart attack and independent variables included self-reported lifetime depression, no exercise in the past 30 days, smoking status, race/ethnicity, gender, and age category.
A total of 7.5% (N = 731) of participants reported lifetime heart attack and 27.8% (N = 828) of participants reported depression. Depression was found to be significantly associated with higher odds of a heart attack (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.73), p < 0.001). Similarly, no exercise in the past 30 days (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.39, 2.20, p < 0.001) was also associated with higher odds of a heart attack. Furthermore, low income, current smoking status, and race/ethnicity were not found to be significantly associated with heart attack in our study.
This study reinforces the significant link between depression and heart attack while highlighting the complex interplay of demographic and behavioral factors influencing onset of cardiovascular diseases. The findings underscore the necessity for a comprehensive approach to cardiovascular health that integrates mental health considerations and addresses broader social determinants of health.
心血管疾病（CVD）和抑郁症日益成为全球关注的健康问题，仅心脏病发作和中风就占心血管疾病总死亡人数的约85%，即2.8亿人，而全球3.4%的人口患有抑郁症。抑郁症与心脏病之间存在双向关系：约四分之一的心脏病患者患有抑郁症，与普通人群相比，抑郁症患者患心脏病的风险更高。本研究旨在探讨抑郁症与心脏病发作之间的关联，并将其作为因变量，重点关注田纳西州个体的人口统计学和行为相关因素。
我们使用2022年田纳西州行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）的数据（N = 5266）进行了横断面分析。我们的分析方法包括描述性分析和多变量分析（逻辑回归分析），以评估田纳西州抑郁症与心脏病发作之间的关联。主要关注的因变量是自我报告的终生心脏病发作情况，自变量包括自我报告的终生抑郁症、过去30天内未进行锻炼、吸烟状况、种族/民族、性别和年龄类别。
共有7.5%（N = 731）的参与者报告有终生心脏病发作史，27.8%（N = 828）的参与者报告有抑郁症。研究发现，抑郁症与心脏病发作几率较高显著相关（调整优势比[AOR]=1.36；95%置信区间[CI]，1.06，1.73；p<0.001）。同样，过去30天内未进行锻炼（AOR = 1.74；95%CI，1.39，2.20；p<0.001）也与心脏病发作几率较高相关。此外，在我们的研究中，低收入、当前吸烟状况和种族/民族与心脏病发作未发现显著关联。
本研究强化了抑郁症与心脏病发作之间的显著联系，同时突出了影响心血管疾病发病的人口统计学和行为因素的复杂相互作用。研究结果强调了采取综合方法促进心血管健康的必要性，这种方法应将心理健康考虑因素纳入其中，并解决更广泛的健康社会决定因素。
