Cardiovascular Disease Disparities in Sexual Minority Adults: An Examination of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2014-2016).

PURPOSE

Investigate sexual orientation differences in cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional.

SETTING

The 2014 to 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 395 154 participants.

MEASURES

The exposure measure was sexual orientation. Self-report of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease was assessed.

ANALYSIS

Sex-stratified logistic regression analyses to examine sexual orientation differences in cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease (heterosexuals = reference group).

RESULTS

Sexual minority men reported higher rates of mental distress (gay adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.59; bisexual AOR: 1.88) and lifetime depression (gay AOR: 2.48; bisexual: AOR 2.67). Gay men reported higher rates of current smoking (AOR: 1.28), but lower rates of obesity (AOR: 0.82) compared to heterosexual men. Sexual minority women reported higher rates of several cardiovascular risk factors including mental distress (lesbian AOR: 1.37; bisexual AOR: 2.33), lifetime depression (lesbian AOR: 1.96; bisexual AOR: 3.26), current smoking (lesbian AOR: 1.65; bisexual AOR: 1.29), heavy drinking (lesbian AOR: 2.01; bisexual AOR: 2.04), and obesity (lesbian AOR: 1.50; bisexual AOR: 1.29), but were more likely to exercise than heterosexual women (lesbian AOR: 1.34; bisexual AOR: 1.24). Lesbian women reported lower rates of heart attack (AOR: 0.62), but bisexual women had higher rates of stroke than heterosexual women (AOR: 1.46).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings can inform the development of prevention efforts to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in sexual minorities.