Ullah Inayat, Khan Samad Ali, Nayab Dure, Ahmad Sohail, Khan Asmad, Ali Nughman, Ahmad Jamil, Ali Zeeshan, Safdar Sundas, Khan Muhammad Imran
General Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK.
General Surgery, Peshawar Institute of Medical Sciences, Peshawar, ESP.
Cureus. 2025 Feb 24;17(2):e79555. doi: 10.7759/cureus.79555. eCollection 2025 Feb.
The public health concern associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) generates serious cardiovascular and metabolic impacts that affect both mothers whose condition went undiagnosed and their offspring. The review evaluates contemporary data about how GDM affects long-term health results. We searched published studies from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 710 records were identified, with 173 duplicates and 61 irrelevant records removed, leaving 476 for screening. After excluding 282, 194 reports were sought for retrieval, 97 were not retrieved, 97 were assessed for eligibility, 85 were excluded, and 12 studies were included in the review. Women with GDM face higher risks of type 2 diabetes (HR 2.5-7.1), hypertension (HR 3.2), and metabolic syndrome (HR 4.1). Their offspring have increased risks of obesity (OR 2.9), insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders from childhood to adolescence. This review examines early detection biomarkers alongside strategies like lactation, probiotics, and CRP levels to potentially reduce maternal GDM risks. Although research had some methodological limitations regarding diagnostic irregularities and variable follow-up durations the findings demonstrate that early identification of GDM matters alongside customized care plans and long-term monitoring of women's health status. The review offers vital clinical guidelines and research pathways for advancing maternal and child health practices.
与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）相关的公共卫生问题会产生严重的心血管和代谢影响，这会影响病情未被诊断出的母亲及其后代。本综述评估了关于GDM如何影响长期健康结果的当代数据。我们在PubMed、Scopus和Cochrane图书馆等数据库中搜索已发表的研究。共识别出710条记录，去除173条重复记录和61条无关记录后，剩下476条进行筛选。排除282条后，查找194篇报告以供检索，97篇未检索到，97篇评估其 eligibility，85篇被排除，12项研究纳入本综述。患有GDM的女性患2型糖尿病（HR 2.5 - 7.1）、高血压（HR 3.2）和代谢综合征（HR 4.1）的风险更高。她们的后代从儿童期到青春期患肥胖症（OR 2.9）、胰岛素抵抗、心血管疾病和代谢紊乱的风险增加。本综述研究了早期检测生物标志物以及哺乳、益生菌和CRP水平等策略，以潜在降低母亲患GDM的风险。尽管研究在诊断不规则和随访持续时间可变方面存在一些方法学局限性，但研究结果表明，GDM的早期识别与定制的护理计划以及对女性健康状况的长期监测同样重要。本综述为推进母婴健康实践提供了重要的临床指南和研究途径。
