Ranjani S, Hemalatha S
School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 048, India.
Discov Nano. 2025 Mar 27;20(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s11671-025-04236-4.
Agriculture is the backbone of all countries which dictates the major economy of the country. The management of pathogens is critical in the field of agriculture. Many species of pathogenic fungi infect a broad range of hosts including cash crops and agricultural crops. Coffee is one of the most important commercial crop in the economy of many countries in the world. Coffea arabica is infected by several fungal species and results in decrease in the quality and quantity of coffee berries. Infection of fungi in plants not only kills the plants and fruit yield but also affect human being through toxin intoxication. Chemical fungicides are the primary choice for the control of plant pathogenic fungi. However, these chemicals pollute the environment, disturb the normal flora, fauna and aquatic environment. The intake of fungicides through inhalation or ingestion results in serious health consequences including immunological, endocrinal, neurological, gynaecological, and carcinogenic effects. Hence, it is a challenge to find a novel alternative green solution to control both pathogenic fungi and to detoxify the fungal toxins. Green nanotechnology can be adopted to develop eco-friendly nanoformulation to control fungal pathogens. In this study, fungal pathogens were isolated from infected coffee plants and identified through sequencing. The novelty of the study stands on uniqueness of Polyherbal nanoformulation which was synthesized by using Triphala. Antifungal studies were carried out by using a developed Polyherbal nanoformulation. From the results, fungal pathogens were identified as Cladorrhinum flexuosum, Rigidoporus vinctus, Mucor circinelloides, Mucor lusitanicus, and Nigrospora oryzae. On treating these fungal pathogens with PHNF, the radial growth of fungal strains was effectively controlled even at lower concentration of 3.125 µg/ml. The specific contribution of PHNF is 'synergism' which plays a significant role in controlling the growth of tested fungal pathogens. On further exploration of PHNF in field conditions will help to optimize the dosage for the commercial development of nano based fungicide for the benefit of farmers as well as a solution to global problem. In addition, these PHNF can be formulated to nanosprays and nanomaterials to control the fungal growth during post-harvest condition.
农业是所有国家的支柱，它决定着一个国家的主要经济。病原体的管理在农业领域至关重要。许多致病真菌物种会感染包括经济作物和农作物在内的广泛宿主。咖啡是世界上许多国家经济中最重要的商业作物之一。阿拉伯咖啡受到几种真菌物种的感染，导致咖啡豆的质量和产量下降。植物中的真菌感染不仅会杀死植物和降低果实产量，还会通过毒素中毒影响人类。化学杀菌剂是控制植物致病真菌的主要选择。然而，这些化学物质会污染环境，扰乱正常的植物群、动物群和水生环境。通过吸入或摄入杀菌剂会导致严重的健康后果，包括免疫、内分泌、神经、妇科和致癌作用。因此，寻找一种既能控制致病真菌又能解毒真菌毒素的新型绿色替代解决方案是一项挑战。可以采用绿色纳米技术来开发环保型纳米制剂以控制真菌病原体。在这项研究中，从受感染的咖啡植物中分离出真菌病原体并通过测序进行鉴定。该研究的新颖之处在于使用诃子合成的多草药纳米制剂的独特性。使用开发的多草药纳米制剂进行了抗真菌研究。结果表明，真菌病原体被鉴定为弯孢枝顶孢、硬孔菌、卷枝毛霉、葡萄牙毛霉和稻黑孢。用多草药纳米制剂处理这些真菌病原体时，即使在3.125微克/毫升的较低浓度下，真菌菌株的径向生长也能得到有效控制。多草药纳米制剂的特殊贡献在于“协同作用”，它在控制受试真菌病原体的生长中起着重要作用。在田间条件下进一步探索多草药纳米制剂将有助于优化基于纳米的杀菌剂的商业开发剂量，造福农民，并为全球问题提供解决方案。此外，这些多草药纳米制剂可以配制成纳米喷雾剂和纳米材料，以控制收获后条件下的真菌生长。
