Say Yee-How, Nordin Mimi Shamirah, Ng Alvin Lai Oon
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.
School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Mar 27;25(1):1168. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22340-z.
We investigated the association of chronotype and sleep behaviors with mental well-being, eating behaviors, and adiposity traits among a sample of urban Malaysian adults at Sunway University and Sunway College, Selangor, Malaysia.
A total of 167 participants were recruited (male/female = 46/121; aged 22.0 ± 5.2). Chronotype was assessed via reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ). Participants tracked their sleep behaviors using an activity wristband (Xiaomi Mi Smart Band 5), and recorded their smartphone screen time usage. Psychometric measures - WHO-5 Well-being Index, Cognitive Distortion Questionnaire (CDQUEST), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), and Power of Food Scale. Blood pressures (BP), anthropometrics, and body composition like high waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat level (VFL) were also measured.
Men and women did not differ significantly in terms of chronotype and sleep behaviors, except Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. Longer weekday total and deep sleeps significantly correlated with better WHO-5 well-being scores, while longer weekend time awake during sleep significantly correlated with greater cognitive distortion (higher CDQUEST scores). Longer average deep sleep significantly correlated with lower Cognitive Restraint (CR) but higher Food Available scores. Higher rMEQ scores (indicating morningness) significantly correlated with better WHO-5 well-being, BSCS Total and Restraint scores; and significantly correlated with decreased systolic and diastolic BP specifically among men. Evening-type participants had up to six-fold higher risk of becoming obese, and having high WC, WHR, and VFL; however, the significance was abolished after adjustment for socio-demographics. Indeed, WC, weight, WHtR, BMI, VFL, and resting metabolism were significantly higher among evening-types by analysis of covariance. BSCS Total and Impulsivity scores were significantly higher among neither-types. Lifestyle factors and smartphone screen time were not associated with chronotype or sleep behaviors.
Although chronotype and sleep behaviors did not differ between sexes, those with a morning chronotype had lower overall, central and visceral adiposity, better well-being and self-control. Those with good sleep behaviors also had better well-being, eating and appetitive behaviors. In conclusion, this study supports the continuous advocacy for a morning-chronotype and good sleep behaviors for better physical and mental health.
我们在马来西亚雪兰莪双威大学和双威学院的城市成年马来西亚人样本中，研究了昼夜节律类型和睡眠行为与心理健康、饮食行为及肥胖特征之间的关联。
共招募了167名参与者（男/女 = 46/121；年龄22.0 ± 5.2岁）。通过简化版晨型-夜型问卷（rMEQ）评估昼夜节律类型。参与者使用活动手环（小米手环5）追踪他们的睡眠行为，并记录智能手机屏幕使用时间。心理测量指标包括：世界卫生组织-5幸福指数、认知扭曲问卷（CDQUEST）、三因素饮食问卷-R18、简短自我控制量表（BSCS）和食物力量量表。还测量了血压（BP）、人体测量指标以及身体成分，如高腰围（WC）、腰臀比（WHR）、腰高比（WHtR）、体重指数（BMI）和内脏脂肪水平（VFL）。
除快速眼动（REM）睡眠外，男性和女性在昼夜节律类型和睡眠行为方面无显著差异。工作日较长的总睡眠时间和深度睡眠时间与世界卫生组织-5幸福指数得分较高显著相关，而周末睡眠期间较长的清醒时间与更大的认知扭曲（较高的CDQUEST得分）显著相关。较长的平均深度睡眠时间与较低的认知抑制（CR）但较高的食物可得性得分显著相关。较高的rMEQ得分（表明晨型）与更好的世界卫生组织-5幸福指数、BSCS总分和抑制得分显著相关；并且在男性中与收缩压和舒张压降低显著相关。夜型参与者肥胖、高腰围、高腰臀比和高内脏脂肪水平的风险高达六倍；然而，在调整社会人口统计学因素后显著性消失。事实上，通过协方差分析，夜型参与者的腰围、体重、腰高比、体重指数、内脏脂肪水平和静息代谢显著更高。中间型参与者的BSCS总分和冲动性得分均显著更高。生活方式因素和智能手机屏幕使用时间与昼夜节律类型或睡眠行为无关。
尽管昼夜节律类型和睡眠行为在性别上没有差异，但晨型的人总体、中心和内脏肥胖程度较低，幸福感和自我控制能力更好。睡眠行为良好的人在幸福感、饮食和食欲行为方面也更好。总之，本研究支持持续倡导晨型和良好的睡眠行为以促进身心健康。
