The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China.
Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
Nutr J. 2023 Oct 6;22(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12937-023-00875-4.
A later chronotype has been found to be associated with unhealthy habits and diseases, such as an unhealthy diet and metabolic syndrome in adults. Little is known about the association between chronotype, eating habits, physical activity and obesity. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationships between chronotype, eating behaviors, physical activity, and overweight in Chinese school-aged children.
Data from this study was based on 952 schoolchildren (10-12 y) from six primary schools that participated in China. Anthropometric measurements of height and body weight were performed. Information about sleeping habits, dietary behaviors, and other lifestyle behaviors was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis or multivariable logistic regression model was performed to assess the associations between chronotype, eating behaviors, physical activity, and overweight.
Nearly 70% (69.9%) of the participants had a self-reported morning chronotype. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed chronotype score was positively associated with physical activities (all P values < 0.001) and sleep duration (all P values < 0.001) and negatively associated with BMI, meal time, eating jet lag and social jet lag (all P values < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that compared to morning types, non-morning types individuals were more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.593, P value < 0.05), and had more frequent consumption of fast food (OR = 1.616, P value < 0.05), but less frequent consumption of milk (OR = 0.716, P value < 0.05), less time taking part in moderate (OR = 1.356, P value < 0.05) or muscle strengthening (OR = 1.393, 1.877, P value < 0.05) physical activity.
This study indicates that early chronotype children are more active, have healthier dietary habits, get more sleep, have shorter social jet lag, and are less likely to be overweight than non-early chronotype children. Our findings suggest that later chronotype may be a potential indicator in the early detection of overweight, unhealthy eating, and physical inactivity behaviors. Chronotype has been found to have an important impact on individual's health. In the present study, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between chronotype, eating behaviors, physical activity, and overweight in school-aged children. The findings showed that children with early chronotype is associated with more active, healthier dietary behaviors, longer sleep duration, short social jet lag, and a lower risk of overweight.
晚型被发现与不健康的习惯和疾病有关，例如成年人的不健康饮食和代谢综合征。关于睡眠类型、饮食习惯、体力活动和肥胖之间的关系知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在探讨中国学龄儿童的睡眠类型、饮食习惯、体力活动与超重之间的关系。
本研究的数据来自六所小学的 952 名（10-12 岁）学龄儿童。进行身高和体重的人体测量。使用自我管理问卷收集睡眠习惯、饮食行为和其他生活方式行为的信息。采用多元线性回归分析或多变量逻辑回归模型评估睡眠类型、饮食习惯、体力活动与超重之间的关系。
近 70%（69.9%）的参与者报告为晨型。多元线性回归分析显示，睡眠类型得分与体力活动（所有 P 值均<0.001）和睡眠时间（所有 P 值均<0.001）呈正相关，与 BMI、用餐时间、饮食时差和社会时差（所有 P 值均<0.001）呈负相关。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，与晨型相比，非晨型个体更容易超重（OR=1.593，P 值<0.05），更频繁地食用快餐（OR=1.616，P 值<0.05），但更不频繁地食用牛奶（OR=0.716，P 值<0.05），更不频繁地进行中等强度（OR=1.356，P 值<0.05）或肌肉强化（OR=1.393，1.877，P 值<0.05）体力活动。
本研究表明，早型儿童比晚型儿童更活跃、饮食习惯更健康、睡眠更多、社会时差更短、超重的可能性更小。我们的研究结果表明，晚型可能是早期发现超重、不健康饮食和体力活动不足行为的潜在指标。睡眠类型已被发现对个体健康有重要影响。在本研究中，我们进行了一项横断面研究，以调查学龄儿童的睡眠类型、饮食习惯、体力活动与超重之间的关系。研究结果表明，早型儿童与更活跃、更健康的饮食习惯、更长的睡眠时间、较短的社会时差以及较低的超重风险有关。
