Loperfido Antonella, Cavaliere Carlo, Fionda Bruno, Masieri Simonetta, Bellocchi Gianluca, Re Massimo, Tomasetti Marco
Otolaryngology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152 Rome, Italy.
Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2025 Feb 28;16(3):295. doi: 10.3390/genes16030295.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating immune responses and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various nasal diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic rhinitis (AR), and sinonasal tumors. This review comprehensively explores the emerging role of miRNAs in inflammatory and oncological nasal diseases, highlighting their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential.
A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to summarize current findings on miRNA expression in nasal inflammatory conditions and tumors. Key studies evaluating miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms, potential biomarker applications, and therapeutic approaches were analyzed.
Altered miRNA expression profiles contribute to the pathogenesis of CRS, AR, and sinonasal tumors. Specific miRNAs, such as miR-125b and miR-155 are upregulated in CRS and AR, promoting inflammation and tissue remodeling. In sinonasal tumors, dysregulated miRNAs, including miR-126 and miR-34/miR-449 clusters, influence tumor progression and therapeutic response. Exosome-mediated miRNA delivery emerges as a promising avenue for precision medicine, offering novel strategies for miRNA-based diagnostics and therapies.
miRNAs are key regulators of nasal diseases, with potential applications in non-invasive diagnostics and targeted therapies. Further research into miRNA-based interventions may improve treatment outcomes and contribute to the development of personalized medicine approaches for nasal inflammatory disorders and malignancies.
背景/目的：微小RNA（miRNA）在调节免疫反应中起关键作用，并与包括慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）、变应性鼻炎（AR）和鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤在内的各种鼻病的发病机制有关。本综述全面探讨了miRNA在炎性和肿瘤性鼻病中的新作用，突出了它们在诊断、预后和治疗方面的潜力。
对文献进行全面综述，以总结关于miRNA在鼻炎性疾病和肿瘤中表达的当前研究结果。分析了评估miRNA介导的调控机制、潜在生物标志物应用和治疗方法的关键研究。
miRNA表达谱的改变促成了CRS、AR和鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤的发病机制。特定的miRNA，如miR-125b和miR-155在CRS和AR中上调，促进炎症和组织重塑。在鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤中，包括miR-126和miR-34/miR-449簇在内的失调miRNA影响肿瘤进展和治疗反应。外泌体介导的miRNA传递成为精准医学的一个有前景的途径，为基于miRNA的诊断和治疗提供了新策略。
miRNA是鼻病的关键调节因子，在非侵入性诊断和靶向治疗中具有潜在应用。对基于miRNA的干预措施的进一步研究可能会改善治疗效果，并有助于开发针对鼻炎性疾病和恶性肿瘤的个性化医疗方法。
