Qi Zhaoyang, Zhang Yu, Han Rui, Qin Guixin, Jiang Hailong, Jiang Dan, Che Dongsheng
Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Mar 15;15(6):846. doi: 10.3390/ani15060846.
The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of optimizing the dietary energy supply of Songliao Black growing and fattening pigs on their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, energy metabolism and oxidation energy supply, slaughter performance, and meat quality at a low ambient temperature. Forty-eight 75-day-old Songliao Black growing barrows with an initial weight of 33.38 ± 1.29 kg were randomized into two groups, with four replicates in each group and six pigs in each replicate. Two groups (CON group: low fat, normal energy; TES group: high fat, high energy) were fed isonitrogenous diets with different energy levels and fat contents. The experimental animals were raised at the same ambient temperature (10 ± 1 °C) all day. After 5 days of pre-feeding, the formal experiment began. Four Songliao Black barrows weighing approximately 80 kg were selected from each group for a five-day experimental period for digestibility and metabolism and respiratory calorimetry tests. All pigs (185 days of age) were slaughtered simultaneously at the end of the 110-day experimental period when their average body weight reached approximately 110 kg. The results showed that the average daily feed intake of the TES group was lower than that of the CON group ( < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the feed-to-gain ratio was lower in the TES group during the fattening period ( < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the crude fat digestibility, deposition energy, energy deposition rate, deposition energy of fat, and fat oxidation were higher ( < 0.05), and the intake and urinary nitrogen, carbohydrate oxidation, urinary energy, and protein oxidation were lower in the TES group ( < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the serum high-density lipoprotein concentration, low-density lipoprotein concentration, and triglyceride concentration were higher in the TES group ( < 0.05), while alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were lower in the TES group ( < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the backfat thickness was higher in the TES group ( < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the weight gain/digestible protein and live lean meat mass/digestible protein were higher in the TES group ( < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the yellowness (b*) value of the longissimus thoracis was higher in the TES group ( < 0.05), and the shear force was lower ( < 0.05). Therefore, at a low ambient temperature, appropriately increasing the levels of dietary fat and energy was beneficial for improving the production performance and energy utilization efficiency and reducing CO emissions and protein oxidation, saving protein resources of Songliao Black pigs.
本试验旨在研究在低温环境下，优化松辽黑猪生长育肥期日粮能量供应对其生长性能、养分消化率、氮平衡、能量代谢与氧化供能、屠宰性能及肉质的影响。选取48头75日龄、初始体重为33.38±1.29 kg的松辽黑生长公猪，随机分为两组，每组4个重复，每个重复6头猪。两组（对照组：低脂、正常能量；试验组：高脂、高能量）饲喂等氮但能量水平和脂肪含量不同的日粮。试验动物全天饲养于相同环境温度（10±1℃）下。预饲5 d后开始正式试验。从每组中选取4头体重约80 kg的松辽黑公猪，进行为期5 d的消化代谢及呼吸测热试验。在110 d试验期结束、平均体重约达110 kg时，将所有猪（185日龄）同时屠宰。结果表明，试验组平均日采食量低于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，试验组育肥期料重比更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，试验组粗脂肪消化率、沉积能、能量沉积率、脂肪沉积能及脂肪氧化更高（P<0.05），而试验组摄入氮和尿氮含量、碳水化合物氧化、尿能及蛋白质氧化更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，试验组血清高密度脂蛋白浓度、低密度脂蛋白浓度及甘油三酯浓度更高（P<0.05），而试验组丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶浓度更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，试验组背膘厚更高（P<0.0）。与对照组相比，试验组增重/可消化蛋白及活瘦肉量/可消化蛋白更高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，试验组胸最长肌黄度（b*）值更高（P<0.05），剪切力更低（P<0.05）。因此，在低温环境下，适当提高日粮脂肪和能量水平有利于提高松辽黑猪的生产性能和能量利用效率，减少CO排放和蛋白质氧化，节约蛋白质资源。
