Pollak S, Mortinger H
Arch Kriminol. 1985 Mar-Apr;175(3-4):85-94.
Ecchymotic skin ridges, which are frequently found between the ligature turns in cases of dual or multiple loop ligature indicate to many authors hanging in life. Our examinations on an unselected group of corpses have led to the result that extravasations on the ridges between the ligature turns can be produced many hours after death, even outside the hypostatic area. In the case of prolonged suspension, small sub- and intra-epidermal blisters filled with serous fluid and fat may form on wide ridged strips between the ligature turns; the cells of the raised epidermis show significant large fat vacuoles. The bullous changes of the skin as well as the ridge ecchymoses can easily be reproduced in post mortem experiments. Therefore, both results cannot prove ante-mortem hanging. The paper presents four cases of suicidal hanging with vesication on the ridge between the ligature turns.
瘀血性皮肤嵴，在双环或多环结扎的案例中，常出现在结扎圈之间，许多作者认为这表明生前缢吊。我们对一组未经挑选的尸体进行检查后发现，即使在死后数小时，甚至在坠积性充血区域之外，结扎圈之间的嵴上也会出现外渗。在长时间悬吊的情况下，结扎圈之间宽阔的嵴状条带上可能会形成充满浆液和脂肪的小表皮下和表皮内水疱；隆起表皮的细胞显示出明显的大脂肪空泡。皮肤的水疱变化以及嵴部瘀斑在死后实验中很容易重现。因此，这两个结果都不能证明生前缢吊。本文介绍了4例在结扎圈之间的嵴上出现水疱的自杀性缢吊案例。
