Tortora Mario, Luppi Andre, Pacchiano Francesco, Marisei Mariagrazia, Grassi Francesca, Werner Heron, Kitamura Felipe Campos, Tortora Fabio, Caranci Ferdinando, Ferraciolli Suely Fazio
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Radiol Med. 2025 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s11547-025-02001-2.
Extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), hold transformative potential for radiology. This review examines the current applications, benefits, limitations, and future prospects of XR in radiology, with a focus on education, diagnostics, interventional procedures, and patient interaction. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases identified relevant publications from 1992 to 2024. Key studies were selected for detailed discussion. XR technologies enhance radiology education by offering immersive learning experiences that improve the proficiency and confidence of professionals. In diagnostics, XR improves the accuracy and efficiency of ultrasound and CT imaging and aids in precise patient positioning. For interventional radiology, XR provides valuable tools for training and real-time procedural planning, leading to better patient outcomes. Additionally, XR improves patient-doctor interactions, reducing anxiety and enhancing the consent process. Despite challenges such as high costs, technical limitations, and the need for extensive clinical validation, the potential benefits of XR underscore its value as a significant tool in radiology. Addressing these challenges will be essential for the widespread adoption and integration of XR in radiology, ensuring its potential benefits are fully realized. This review highlights the transformative impact of XR technologies on radiology, emphasizing the need for further research and development to harness their full capabilities and improve patient care.
扩展现实（XR）技术，包括虚拟现实（VR）、增强现实（AR）和混合现实（MR），对放射学具有变革潜力。本综述探讨了XR在放射学中的当前应用、益处、局限性及未来前景，重点关注教育、诊断、介入程序和患者互动。对PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库进行全面文献检索，确定了1992年至2024年的相关出版物。选取关键研究进行详细讨论。XR技术通过提供沉浸式学习体验来提高专业人员的熟练程度和信心，从而增强放射学教育。在诊断方面，XR提高了超声和CT成像的准确性和效率，并有助于精确的患者定位。对于介入放射学，XR为培训和实时程序规划提供了有价值的工具，从而带来更好的患者治疗效果。此外，XR改善了医患互动，减轻了焦虑并加强了知情同意过程。尽管存在高成本、技术限制以及需要广泛临床验证等挑战，但XR的潜在益处凸显了其作为放射学重要工具的价值。应对这些挑战对于XR在放射学中的广泛应用和整合至关重要，以确保充分实现其潜在益处。本综述强调了XR技术对放射学的变革性影响，强调需要进一步研究和开发以充分发挥其能力并改善患者护理。
