Hiatt J F, Floyd T C, Katz P H, Feinberg I
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985 Aug;42(8):797-802. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790310059007.
Very low levels of visually scored stage 4 sleep are found in 40% to 50% of acute and chronic schizophrenics. Stage 4 is a visual estimate of high-amplitude delta (0.5 to 3 Hz) electroencephalographic waves; these waves can now be measured directly and reliably by computer. In this pilot study, we carried out such measurement in the successive non-rapid-eye-movement periods (NREMPs). We also sampled and measured visually sleep spindles by NREMP; spindles constitute a second distinctive feature of the NREM electroencephalogram. In five unmedicated, recently rehospitalized schizophrenic patients we found reduced delta amplitude and abundance (and increased spindle density) in NREMP1 (also called "REM latency") as compared with ambulatory normal controls. NREMP1 was also abnormally short with an average length similar to that reported for major depression. These striking abnormalities of NREM sleep may underlie the abnormal rapid eye movement distributions sometimes found in schizophrenic and depressed patients. Further studies are required to evaluate the relation of these NREM abnormalities to psychopathology (and hence their utility as biological "markers") and to rule out confounding effects of hospitalization or undetected napping.
在40%至50%的急性和慢性精神分裂症患者中，可发现视觉评分的4期睡眠水平极低。4期是对高振幅δ波（0.5至3赫兹）脑电图波的视觉评估；现在这些波可以通过计算机直接且可靠地测量。在这项初步研究中，我们在连续的非快速眼动期（NREMPs）进行了此类测量。我们还通过NREMP对睡眠纺锤波进行了采样和视觉测量；纺锤波是NREM脑电图的第二个显著特征。与活动的正常对照组相比，我们发现5名未服药、近期再次住院的精神分裂症患者在NREMP1（也称为“快速眼动潜伏期”）中δ波振幅和数量减少（纺锤波密度增加）。NREMP1也异常短，其平均长度与重度抑郁症患者报告的相似。NREM睡眠的这些显著异常可能是精神分裂症患者和抑郁症患者有时出现的异常快速眼动分布的基础。需要进一步研究来评估这些NREM异常与精神病理学的关系（从而评估其作为生物学“标志物”的效用），并排除住院或未被发现的小睡的混杂影响。
