Weiss Evan, Kann Michael, Wang Qi
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Feb 26;12(3):371. doi: 10.3390/biology12030371.
Using EEG and local field potentials (LFPs) as an index of large-scale neural activities, research has been able to associate neural oscillations in different frequency bands with markers of cognitive functions, goal-directed behavior, and various neurological disorders. While this gives us a glimpse into how neurons communicate throughout the brain, the causality of these synchronized network activities remains poorly understood. Moreover, the effect of the major neuromodulatory systems (e.g., noradrenergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic) on brain oscillations has drawn much attention. More recent studies have suggested that cross-frequency coupling (CFC) is heavily responsible for mediating network-wide communication across subcortical and cortical brain structures, implicating the importance of neurotransmitters in shaping coordinated actions. By bringing to light the role each neuromodulatory system plays in regulating brain-wide neural oscillations, we hope to paint a clearer picture of the pivotal role neural oscillations play in a variety of cognitive functions and neurological disorders, and how neuromodulation techniques can be optimized as a means of controlling neural network dynamics. The aim of this review is to showcase the important role that neuromodulatory systems play in large-scale neural network dynamics, informing future studies to pay close attention to their involvement in specific features of neural oscillations and associated behaviors.
利用脑电图（EEG）和局部场电位（LFP）作为大规模神经活动的指标，研究已能够将不同频段的神经振荡与认知功能、目标导向行为以及各种神经疾病的标志物联系起来。虽然这让我们得以一窥神经元在整个大脑中的通信方式，但这些同步网络活动的因果关系仍知之甚少。此外，主要神经调节系统（如去甲肾上腺素能、胆碱能和多巴胺能系统）对脑振荡的影响已引起了广泛关注。最近的研究表明，跨频耦合（CFC）在介导跨皮层下和皮层脑结构的全网络通信中起主要作用，这表明神经递质在塑造协调动作方面的重要性。通过揭示每个神经调节系统在调节全脑神经振荡中所起的作用，我们希望更清楚地描绘出神经振荡在各种认知功能和神经疾病中所起的关键作用，以及神经调节技术如何能够作为控制神经网络动力学的一种手段而得到优化。本综述的目的是展示神经调节系统在大规模神经网络动力学中所起的重要作用，为未来的研究提供信息，使其密切关注神经调节系统在神经振荡及相关行为的特定特征中的作用。
