Sharma Nisha, Ahlawat Yogesh K, Sharma Arti Jamwal, Chamoli Navneeti, Thakur Monika, Sharma Anupriya, Mehmood Sajid, Malik Anurag, Ahmed Meraj, Punia Himani, Choubey Sumati
Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era, Deemed to Be University, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
Biodegradation. 2025 Mar 30;36(2):26. doi: 10.1007/s10532-025-10121-9.
Microorganisms are very well known potential sources of many novel metabolites and biosurfactants (green molecules). Biosurfactants are biobased molecules which are synthesized by bacteria, yeasts, fungi and actinomycetes. These biomolecules have emerged as multifunctional biomolecules of the 21st century due to their remarkable functional properties like low toxicity, enhanced effectiveness, selectivity, stability, high biodegradability and eco-friendly nature. These characteristics enable them to remain high effective under extreme conditions and play a significant role in environmental protection. Biosurfactants play a pivotal role in bioremediation technologies, offering an environmentally sustainable alternative for cleaning up contaminants. Their unique ability to reduce interfacial tension in liquids enables them to perform crucial functions such as biodegradation, emulsification, foam formation, surface activity, washing performance and detergent formulation. These versatile properties make biosurfactants invaluable across various industries, including environmental remediation, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and cosmetics. This review discusses the microbial production, characterization, industrial applications and ecological significance of biosurfactants. By highlighting their impact in the bioremediation of contaminants, this article underscores the potential of biosurfactants in advancing green technologies and addressing global environmental challenges.
微生物是许多新型代谢产物和生物表面活性剂（绿色分子）的著名潜在来源。生物表面活性剂是由细菌、酵母、真菌和放线菌合成的生物基分子。由于其具有低毒性、高效性、选择性、稳定性、高生物降解性和生态友好性等显著功能特性，这些生物分子已成为21世纪的多功能生物分子。这些特性使它们在极端条件下仍能保持高效，并在环境保护中发挥重要作用。生物表面活性剂在生物修复技术中起着关键作用，为清理污染物提供了一种环境可持续的替代方案。它们独特的降低液体界面张力的能力使它们能够执行诸如生物降解、乳化、泡沫形成、表面活性、洗涤性能和洗涤剂配方等关键功能。这些多功能特性使生物表面活性剂在包括环境修复、制药、农业和化妆品在内的各个行业中都具有极高的价值。本综述讨论了生物表面活性剂的微生物生产、表征、工业应用和生态意义。通过强调它们在污染物生物修复中的影响，本文强调了生物表面活性剂在推进绿色技术和应对全球环境挑战方面的潜力。
