Demirtürk Zülbiye, Uçkan Fevzi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2025 Mar 31:1-14. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2025.2483970.
The epigenetic and immunological effects of nanoparticles (NPs), which have started to be described as nano-pollutants today, are of great interest in living organisms. Particularly alumina (Al) and polystyrene (PS) are among the most produced NPs. larvae, an ideal model for the multi-generational effects of these NPs on global DNA methylation and the immune system, were used in the experiments. Al-NPs were bought, and PS-NPs were produced by the single emulsion solvent evaporation method. Al and PS-NPs were administered to larvae at different concentrations by changing only the water content in the diet. Global DNA methylation levels in the first and second generations were determined by HPLC. The expression levels of β-actin, transferrin, galiomycin, and p38 MAPK genes which constitute antimicrobial peptides, one of the humoral immune responses, were determined by RT-qPCR in two generations. The data obtained revealed that Al and PS-NPs increased global DNA methylation, and partially suppressed humoral immune responses. Furthermore, changes in genomic DNA methylation and immune-related gene expression levels induced by NPs in first generation larvae were found to be inherited by the next generation. Considering the importance of multigenerational epigenetic effects and changes in the immune system, our study results contribute to the literature and reveal the importance of such studies.
如今已开始被视为纳米污染物的纳米颗粒（NPs）的表观遗传和免疫效应，在生物体中引起了极大关注。特别是氧化铝（Al）和聚苯乙烯（PS）是产量最高的NPs中的两种。实验中使用了幼虫，这是研究这些NPs对全球DNA甲基化和免疫系统多代效应的理想模型。购买了铝纳米颗粒（Al-NPs），并通过单乳液溶剂蒸发法制备了聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒（PS-NPs）。仅通过改变饲料中的水分含量，以不同浓度将Al和PS-NPs施用于幼虫。通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定第一代和第二代的全球DNA甲基化水平。通过逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）在两代中测定构成体液免疫反应之一的抗菌肽的β-肌动蛋白、转铁蛋白、加里奥霉素和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 MAPK）基因的表达水平。获得的数据表明，Al和PS-NPs增加了全球DNA甲基化，并部分抑制了体液免疫反应。此外，发现第一代幼虫中由NPs诱导的基因组DNA甲基化和免疫相关基因表达水平的变化会遗传给下一代。考虑到多代表观遗传效应和免疫系统变化的重要性，我们的研究结果为文献做出了贡献，并揭示了此类研究的重要性。
