van Baak Marleen A, Mariman Edwin C M
Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and life Sciences+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200MD, The Netherlands.
Curr Obes Rep. 2025 Mar 31;14(1):28. doi: 10.1007/s13679-025-00619-x.
This review summarizes the most recent research on the physiology of weight regain. It describes developments in areas that are currently being addressed and that may indicate promising directions for future research.
Weight regain occurs independent of the way prior weight loss is achieved, i.e. by lifestyle, surgery or pharmacotherapy. Recent novel findings regarding weight regain belong to four areas. First, the immune obesity memory of which besides persistent immune cells promoting weight regain cells have been found that reduce weight regain. Second, the gut microbiome where autologous transplantation can limit weight regain. Third, the composition of the weight loss with the percentage of lost fat-free mass being inverse to the amount of regained weight independent of the weight loss procedure. Fourth, appetite control where after weight loss altered hypothalamic activity promoting hunger and weight regain persists, possibly mediated by altered neurotensin responses. In all four areas more conclusive evidence for their role in weight regain still needs to be obtained. Most studies on physiological mechanisms of weight regain are associative in nature and the number of intervention studies is very limited. To bring the field further, carefully designed intervention studies taking into account the dynamic character of weight loss and weight regain are needed.
本综述总结了体重反弹生理学方面的最新研究。它描述了当前正在研究的领域的进展，这些进展可能为未来的研究指明有前景的方向。
体重反弹的发生与之前实现体重减轻的方式无关，即无论是通过生活方式、手术还是药物治疗。关于体重反弹的最新新发现属于四个领域。第一，免疫性肥胖记忆，其中除了持续存在的促进体重反弹的免疫细胞外，还发现了减轻体重反弹的细胞。第二，肠道微生物群，自体移植可限制体重反弹。第三，体重减轻的组成，无脂肪体重减少的百分比与体重反弹量呈反比，与体重减轻程序无关。第四，食欲控制方面，体重减轻后下丘脑活动改变促进饥饿和体重反弹持续存在，可能由神经降压素反应改变介导。在所有这四个领域，仍需获得更多关于它们在体重反弹中作用的确凿证据。大多数关于体重反弹生理机制的研究本质上都是相关性的，干预研究的数量非常有限。为了进一步推动该领域的发展，需要精心设计考虑到体重减轻和体重反弹动态特征的干预研究。
