Mohammad-Rahimi Hossein, Setzer Frank C, Aminoshariae Anita, Dummer Paul Michael Howell, Duncan Henry F, Nosrat Ali
Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, LMU Klinikum, LMU, Munich, Germany.
Int Endod J. 2025 Mar 31. doi: 10.1111/iej.14231.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education is transforming learning across various domains, including dentistry. Endodontic education can significantly benefit from AI chatbots; however, knowledge gaps regarding their potential and limitations hinder their effective utilization. This narrative review aims to: (A) explain the core functionalities of AI chatbots, including their reliance on natural language processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL); (B) explore their applications in endodontic education for personalized learning, interactive training, and clinical decision support; (C) discuss the challenges posed by technical limitations, ethical considerations, and the potential for misinformation. The review highlights that AI chatbots provide learners with immediate access to knowledge, personalized educational experiences, and tools for developing clinical reasoning through case-based learning. Educators benefit from streamlined curriculum development, automated assessment creation, and evidence-based resource integration. Despite these advantages, concerns such as chatbot hallucinations, algorithmic biases, potential for plagiarism, and the spread of misinformation require careful consideration. Analysis of current research reveals limited endodontic-specific studies, emphasizing the need for tailored chatbot solutions validated for accuracy and relevance. Successful integration will require collaborative efforts among educators, developers, and professional organizations to address challenges, ensure ethical use, and establish evaluation frameworks.
将人工智能（AI）融入教育正在改变包括牙科在内的各个领域的学习方式。牙髓病学教育可以从人工智能聊天机器人中显著受益；然而，关于其潜力和局限性的知识差距阻碍了它们的有效利用。本叙述性综述旨在：（A）解释人工智能聊天机器人的核心功能，包括它们对自然语言处理（NLP）、机器学习（ML）和深度学习（DL）的依赖；（B）探索它们在牙髓病学教育中用于个性化学习、交互式培训和临床决策支持的应用；（C）讨论技术限制、伦理考量以及错误信息的可能性所带来的挑战。该综述强调，人工智能聊天机器人为学习者提供了即时获取知识的途径、个性化的教育体验以及通过基于案例的学习来培养临床推理能力的工具。教育工作者则受益于简化的课程开发、自动评估创建以及基于证据的资源整合。尽管有这些优势，但诸如聊天机器人幻觉、算法偏差、抄袭可能性以及错误信息传播等问题仍需仔细考虑。对当前研究的分析表明，针对牙髓病学的特定研究有限，这凸显了需要经过准确性和相关性验证的量身定制的聊天机器人解决方案。成功整合将需要教育工作者、开发者和专业组织共同努力，以应对挑战、确保道德使用并建立评估框架。
